Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Immune Tolerance in Infants
The prevalence of food allergy has increased in recent years, especially among the pediatric population. Differences in the gut microbiota composition between children with FA and healthy children have brought this topic into the spotlight as a possible explanation for the increase in FA. The gut mi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7823316 |
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| author | Constanza S. Méndez Susan M. Bueno Alexis M. Kalergis |
| author_facet | Constanza S. Méndez Susan M. Bueno Alexis M. Kalergis |
| author_sort | Constanza S. Méndez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevalence of food allergy has increased in recent years, especially among the pediatric population. Differences in the gut microbiota composition between children with FA and healthy children have brought this topic into the spotlight as a possible explanation for the increase in FA. The gut microbiota characteristics are acquired through environmental interactions starting early in life, such as type of delivery during birth and breastfeeding. The microbiota features may be shaped by a plethora of immunomodulatory mechanisms, including a predominant role of Tregs and the transcription factor FOXP3. Additionally, a pivotal role has been given to vitamin A and butyrate, the main anti-inflammatory metabolite. These observations have led to the study and development of therapies oriented to modifying the microbiota and metabolite profiles, such as the use of pre- and probiotics and the determination of their capacity to induce tolerance to allergens that are relevant to FA. To date, evidence supporting these approaches in humans is scarce and inconclusive. Larger cohorts and dose-titration studies are mandatory to evaluate whether the observed changes in gut microbiota composition reflect medical recovery and increased tolerance in pediatric patients with FA. In this article, we discuss the establishment of the microbiota, the immunological mechanisms that regulate the microbiota of children with food allergies, and the evidence in research focused on its regulation as a means to achieve tolerance to food allergens. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5379c12a6c9849e984398538969b50c9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-5379c12a6c9849e984398538969b50c92025-02-03T06:45:20ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-71562021-01-01202110.1155/2021/7823316Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Immune Tolerance in InfantsConstanza S. Méndez0Susan M. Bueno1Alexis M. Kalergis2Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaMillennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyMillennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyThe prevalence of food allergy has increased in recent years, especially among the pediatric population. Differences in the gut microbiota composition between children with FA and healthy children have brought this topic into the spotlight as a possible explanation for the increase in FA. The gut microbiota characteristics are acquired through environmental interactions starting early in life, such as type of delivery during birth and breastfeeding. The microbiota features may be shaped by a plethora of immunomodulatory mechanisms, including a predominant role of Tregs and the transcription factor FOXP3. Additionally, a pivotal role has been given to vitamin A and butyrate, the main anti-inflammatory metabolite. These observations have led to the study and development of therapies oriented to modifying the microbiota and metabolite profiles, such as the use of pre- and probiotics and the determination of their capacity to induce tolerance to allergens that are relevant to FA. To date, evidence supporting these approaches in humans is scarce and inconclusive. Larger cohorts and dose-titration studies are mandatory to evaluate whether the observed changes in gut microbiota composition reflect medical recovery and increased tolerance in pediatric patients with FA. In this article, we discuss the establishment of the microbiota, the immunological mechanisms that regulate the microbiota of children with food allergies, and the evidence in research focused on its regulation as a means to achieve tolerance to food allergens.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7823316 |
| spellingShingle | Constanza S. Méndez Susan M. Bueno Alexis M. Kalergis Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Immune Tolerance in Infants Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Immune Tolerance in Infants |
| title_full | Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Immune Tolerance in Infants |
| title_fullStr | Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Immune Tolerance in Infants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Immune Tolerance in Infants |
| title_short | Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Immune Tolerance in Infants |
| title_sort | contribution of gut microbiota to immune tolerance in infants |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7823316 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT constanzasmendez contributionofgutmicrobiotatoimmunetoleranceininfants AT susanmbueno contributionofgutmicrobiotatoimmunetoleranceininfants AT alexismkalergis contributionofgutmicrobiotatoimmunetoleranceininfants |