Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Fixation on the Profile of Volatile Compounds of Cyclocarya paliurus Tea
Fixation is a necessary tea processing step that affects the quality of tea, including its aroma. However, there are no guidelines to follow whether the Cyclocarya paliurus leaves need to be fixated to produce tea. The aim of this study was to determine the volatile metabolites in fixated and unfi...
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Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences
2024-08-01
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| Series: | Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://journal.pan.olsztyn.pl/Untargeted-Metabolomics-Analysis-Reveals-the-Effect-of-Fixation-on-the-Profile-of,191754,0,2.html |
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| author | Minge Bai Liling Wang |
| author_facet | Minge Bai Liling Wang |
| author_sort | Minge Bai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fixation is a necessary tea processing step that affects the quality of tea, including its aroma. However, there are no guidelines to follow whether the Cyclocarya paliurus leaves need to be fixated to produce tea. The aim of this study was to determine the volatile metabolites in fixated and unfixated C. paliuru s tea by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to identify the volatile compounds that differentiate them and establish the key aroma compounds. Compared with the unfixated tea, the fixated tea had higher contents of amines, phenols, nitrogen compounds, ether, alcohol, terpenoids, ester and aromatics. A total of 147 metabolites that differentiated both types of teas were identified using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Among them, 22 and 25 volatile compounds of teas processed without and with fixation, respectively, had relative odor activity values greater than 1. These metabolites had green, fruity, sweet, woody, herbal, floral, fresh, spicy, earthy and waxy odor. This study showed that fixation technology improved the quality of C. paliurus tea, which provided the basis for the production of C. paliurus tea, and promoted the standardization of the preparation technology of C. paliurus tea. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-53448ecfd5184b73bae25cc483710684 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2083-6007 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-08-01 |
| publisher | Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-53448ecfd5184b73bae25cc4837106842025-02-03T07:01:09ZengInstitute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of SciencesPolish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences2083-60072024-08-0174323224310.31883/pjfns/191754191754Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Fixation on the Profile of Volatile Compounds of Cyclocarya paliurus TeaMinge Bai0https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6478-2602Liling Wang1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2166-2284The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaFixation is a necessary tea processing step that affects the quality of tea, including its aroma. However, there are no guidelines to follow whether the Cyclocarya paliurus leaves need to be fixated to produce tea. The aim of this study was to determine the volatile metabolites in fixated and unfixated C. paliuru s tea by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to identify the volatile compounds that differentiate them and establish the key aroma compounds. Compared with the unfixated tea, the fixated tea had higher contents of amines, phenols, nitrogen compounds, ether, alcohol, terpenoids, ester and aromatics. A total of 147 metabolites that differentiated both types of teas were identified using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Among them, 22 and 25 volatile compounds of teas processed without and with fixation, respectively, had relative odor activity values greater than 1. These metabolites had green, fruity, sweet, woody, herbal, floral, fresh, spicy, earthy and waxy odor. This study showed that fixation technology improved the quality of C. paliurus tea, which provided the basis for the production of C. paliurus tea, and promoted the standardization of the preparation technology of C. paliurus tea.https://journal.pan.olsztyn.pl/Untargeted-Metabolomics-Analysis-Reveals-the-Effect-of-Fixation-on-the-Profile-of,191754,0,2.htmlfixation technologyhs-spme-gc-mskey aroma compoundsopls-davolatile metabolites |
| spellingShingle | Minge Bai Liling Wang Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Fixation on the Profile of Volatile Compounds of Cyclocarya paliurus Tea Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences fixation technology hs-spme-gc-ms key aroma compounds opls-da volatile metabolites |
| title | Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Fixation on the Profile of Volatile Compounds of Cyclocarya paliurus Tea |
| title_full | Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Fixation on the Profile of Volatile Compounds of Cyclocarya paliurus Tea |
| title_fullStr | Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Fixation on the Profile of Volatile Compounds of Cyclocarya paliurus Tea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Fixation on the Profile of Volatile Compounds of Cyclocarya paliurus Tea |
| title_short | Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Fixation on the Profile of Volatile Compounds of Cyclocarya paliurus Tea |
| title_sort | untargeted metabolomics analysis reveals the effect of fixation on the profile of volatile compounds of cyclocarya paliurus tea |
| topic | fixation technology hs-spme-gc-ms key aroma compounds opls-da volatile metabolites |
| url | https://journal.pan.olsztyn.pl/Untargeted-Metabolomics-Analysis-Reveals-the-Effect-of-Fixation-on-the-Profile-of,191754,0,2.html |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mingebai untargetedmetabolomicsanalysisrevealstheeffectoffixationontheprofileofvolatilecompoundsofcyclocaryapaliurustea AT lilingwang untargetedmetabolomicsanalysisrevealstheeffectoffixationontheprofileofvolatilecompoundsofcyclocaryapaliurustea |