Detection of melatonin and 5-HTP in dietary supplements based on multiple spectra
IntroductionMelatonin and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), known for benefits in regulating sleep and combating depression, respectively, are incorporated into dietary supplements. Rapid and accurate identification of dietary supplement types and their contents remains a significant challenge in ensurin...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1532092/full |
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| author | Huiyu Yang Huiyu Yang Huiyu Yang Xinrui Zhang Xinrui Zhang Xinrui Zhang Yang Gao Yang Gao Yang Gao Zhuang Peng Zhuang Peng Zhuang Peng Bo Su Bo Su Bo Su Kai Li Cunlin Zhang Cunlin Zhang Cunlin Zhang |
| author_facet | Huiyu Yang Huiyu Yang Huiyu Yang Xinrui Zhang Xinrui Zhang Xinrui Zhang Yang Gao Yang Gao Yang Gao Zhuang Peng Zhuang Peng Zhuang Peng Bo Su Bo Su Bo Su Kai Li Cunlin Zhang Cunlin Zhang Cunlin Zhang |
| author_sort | Huiyu Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionMelatonin and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), known for benefits in regulating sleep and combating depression, respectively, are incorporated into dietary supplements. Rapid and accurate identification of dietary supplement types and their contents remains a significant challenge in ensuring food safety.MethodsIn this study, qualitative and quantitative analysis of melatonin and 5-HTP was performed using Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Purity and crystal structures of the samples were investigated using Raman spectroscopy and PXRD, establishing the foundation for terahertz (THz) simulations.Results and discussionThe Raman spectroscopy results demonstrate that the characteristic Raman peaks of melatonin and 5-HTP in the range from 170 cm−1 to 1700 cm−1 were observed at 1356 cm−1 and 1,304 cm−1, respectively. Results of THz revealed that melatonin and 5-HTP each have five THz characteristic peaks, which distinguish these substances. The peak of melatonin at 1.23 THz shows a good linear fit with the mass fraction, while 5-HTP has a similar relationship at 1.14 THz. Then, L-tryptophan, a common contaminant in the production of melatonin and 5-HTP, was successfully identified within the mixture. Finally, it is demonstrated that THz technology can effectively detect melatonin and 5-HTP in commercial dietary supplements. This study establishes a rapid, efficient, and non-destructive approach for the regulation and quantitative analysis of dietary supplements. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-53232272b67b4723a4fbf030c0629fbb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-53232272b67b4723a4fbf030c0629fbb2025-01-28T05:10:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-01-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15320921532092Detection of melatonin and 5-HTP in dietary supplements based on multiple spectraHuiyu Yang0Huiyu Yang1Huiyu Yang2Xinrui Zhang3Xinrui Zhang4Xinrui Zhang5Yang Gao6Yang Gao7Yang Gao8Zhuang Peng9Zhuang Peng10Zhuang Peng11Bo Su12Bo Su13Bo Su14Kai Li15Cunlin Zhang16Cunlin Zhang17Cunlin Zhang18Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectra and Imaging, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectra and Imaging, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectra and Imaging, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectra and Imaging, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectra and Imaging, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectra and Imaging, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaIntroductionMelatonin and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), known for benefits in regulating sleep and combating depression, respectively, are incorporated into dietary supplements. Rapid and accurate identification of dietary supplement types and their contents remains a significant challenge in ensuring food safety.MethodsIn this study, qualitative and quantitative analysis of melatonin and 5-HTP was performed using Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Purity and crystal structures of the samples were investigated using Raman spectroscopy and PXRD, establishing the foundation for terahertz (THz) simulations.Results and discussionThe Raman spectroscopy results demonstrate that the characteristic Raman peaks of melatonin and 5-HTP in the range from 170 cm−1 to 1700 cm−1 were observed at 1356 cm−1 and 1,304 cm−1, respectively. Results of THz revealed that melatonin and 5-HTP each have five THz characteristic peaks, which distinguish these substances. The peak of melatonin at 1.23 THz shows a good linear fit with the mass fraction, while 5-HTP has a similar relationship at 1.14 THz. Then, L-tryptophan, a common contaminant in the production of melatonin and 5-HTP, was successfully identified within the mixture. Finally, it is demonstrated that THz technology can effectively detect melatonin and 5-HTP in commercial dietary supplements. This study establishes a rapid, efficient, and non-destructive approach for the regulation and quantitative analysis of dietary supplements.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1532092/fullterahertz time-domain spectroscopymelatoninL-tryptophan5-hydroxytryptophandietary supplements |
| spellingShingle | Huiyu Yang Huiyu Yang Huiyu Yang Xinrui Zhang Xinrui Zhang Xinrui Zhang Yang Gao Yang Gao Yang Gao Zhuang Peng Zhuang Peng Zhuang Peng Bo Su Bo Su Bo Su Kai Li Cunlin Zhang Cunlin Zhang Cunlin Zhang Detection of melatonin and 5-HTP in dietary supplements based on multiple spectra Frontiers in Nutrition terahertz time-domain spectroscopy melatonin L-tryptophan 5-hydroxytryptophan dietary supplements |
| title | Detection of melatonin and 5-HTP in dietary supplements based on multiple spectra |
| title_full | Detection of melatonin and 5-HTP in dietary supplements based on multiple spectra |
| title_fullStr | Detection of melatonin and 5-HTP in dietary supplements based on multiple spectra |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of melatonin and 5-HTP in dietary supplements based on multiple spectra |
| title_short | Detection of melatonin and 5-HTP in dietary supplements based on multiple spectra |
| title_sort | detection of melatonin and 5 htp in dietary supplements based on multiple spectra |
| topic | terahertz time-domain spectroscopy melatonin L-tryptophan 5-hydroxytryptophan dietary supplements |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1532092/full |
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