COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness and Safety in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness and side effects of various COVID-19 vaccines, with a focus on Trinidad and Tobago. The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines demonstrated the highest efficacy, particularly against COVID-19 variants, while Janssen and Sinopharm were comparatively le...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/135 |
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| author | Angel Justiz-Vaillant Kimberly Roopnarine Shaundell Solomon Alyssa Phillips Solange Sandy Alyssa Subero Sarah Seepersad Nicholas Span Phalmanie Ramnath Akaasha Ramnarine Bimala Ramdath Chelsea Rampaul Renissa Ramdial Dana Phagoo Thalia Ramdhanie Vinaya Moonilal Emily-Marie Poliah Steffan Poonwassie Karishta Punilal Sarah Panchoo Justice Parris Steven Oudit Trudy Muir Johnson Nicholas-Joseph Bijey Raj Pandit Sanjeev Pakeerah Vesham Sookoo Patrice Richards Tishia John Darren Gopaul Sachin Soodeen Odette Arozarena-Barbosa Arlene Williams Chandrashehkar Unakal Rodolfo Arozarena Fundora Reinand Thompson Patrick Eberechi Akpaka |
| author_facet | Angel Justiz-Vaillant Kimberly Roopnarine Shaundell Solomon Alyssa Phillips Solange Sandy Alyssa Subero Sarah Seepersad Nicholas Span Phalmanie Ramnath Akaasha Ramnarine Bimala Ramdath Chelsea Rampaul Renissa Ramdial Dana Phagoo Thalia Ramdhanie Vinaya Moonilal Emily-Marie Poliah Steffan Poonwassie Karishta Punilal Sarah Panchoo Justice Parris Steven Oudit Trudy Muir Johnson Nicholas-Joseph Bijey Raj Pandit Sanjeev Pakeerah Vesham Sookoo Patrice Richards Tishia John Darren Gopaul Sachin Soodeen Odette Arozarena-Barbosa Arlene Williams Chandrashehkar Unakal Rodolfo Arozarena Fundora Reinand Thompson Patrick Eberechi Akpaka |
| author_sort | Angel Justiz-Vaillant |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness and side effects of various COVID-19 vaccines, with a focus on Trinidad and Tobago. The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines demonstrated the highest efficacy, particularly against COVID-19 variants, while Janssen and Sinopharm were comparatively less effective. mRNA vaccines, such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca, were associated with more frequent and severe side effects, including soreness, fever, and cardiovascular issues. The review also identified significant gaps in the current scientific literature regarding COVID-19 vaccination issues in Trinidad and Tobago. These gaps highlight the need for comprehensive research to address vaccination challenges, including public health communication, equitable access, and local perceptions of vaccine safety. This analysis provides a foundation for developing targeted strategies to improve vaccine effectiveness in the region. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-52e2e9e24b674d5885fa1baf12115106 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-52e2e9e24b674d5885fa1baf121151062025-01-24T13:42:47ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-01-0113113510.3390/microorganisms13010135COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness and Safety in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisAngel Justiz-Vaillant0Kimberly Roopnarine1Shaundell Solomon2Alyssa Phillips3Solange Sandy4Alyssa Subero5Sarah Seepersad6Nicholas Span7Phalmanie Ramnath8Akaasha Ramnarine9Bimala Ramdath10Chelsea Rampaul11Renissa Ramdial12Dana Phagoo13Thalia Ramdhanie14Vinaya Moonilal15Emily-Marie Poliah16Steffan Poonwassie17Karishta Punilal18Sarah Panchoo19Justice Parris20Steven Oudit21Trudy Muir22Johnson Nicholas-Joseph23Bijey Raj Pandit24Sanjeev Pakeerah25Vesham Sookoo26Patrice Richards27Tishia John28Darren Gopaul29Sachin Soodeen30Odette Arozarena-Barbosa31Arlene Williams32Chandrashehkar Unakal33Rodolfo Arozarena Fundora34Reinand Thompson35Patrick Eberechi Akpaka36Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USADepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoEric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoEric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoThis systematic review evaluated the effectiveness and side effects of various COVID-19 vaccines, with a focus on Trinidad and Tobago. The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines demonstrated the highest efficacy, particularly against COVID-19 variants, while Janssen and Sinopharm were comparatively less effective. mRNA vaccines, such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca, were associated with more frequent and severe side effects, including soreness, fever, and cardiovascular issues. The review also identified significant gaps in the current scientific literature regarding COVID-19 vaccination issues in Trinidad and Tobago. These gaps highlight the need for comprehensive research to address vaccination challenges, including public health communication, equitable access, and local perceptions of vaccine safety. This analysis provides a foundation for developing targeted strategies to improve vaccine effectiveness in the region.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/135Pfizer-BioNTechmodernNovavaxAstraZenecaSinopharmJanssen |
| spellingShingle | Angel Justiz-Vaillant Kimberly Roopnarine Shaundell Solomon Alyssa Phillips Solange Sandy Alyssa Subero Sarah Seepersad Nicholas Span Phalmanie Ramnath Akaasha Ramnarine Bimala Ramdath Chelsea Rampaul Renissa Ramdial Dana Phagoo Thalia Ramdhanie Vinaya Moonilal Emily-Marie Poliah Steffan Poonwassie Karishta Punilal Sarah Panchoo Justice Parris Steven Oudit Trudy Muir Johnson Nicholas-Joseph Bijey Raj Pandit Sanjeev Pakeerah Vesham Sookoo Patrice Richards Tishia John Darren Gopaul Sachin Soodeen Odette Arozarena-Barbosa Arlene Williams Chandrashehkar Unakal Rodolfo Arozarena Fundora Reinand Thompson Patrick Eberechi Akpaka COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness and Safety in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Microorganisms Pfizer-BioNTech modern Novavax AstraZeneca Sinopharm Janssen |
| title | COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness and Safety in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness and Safety in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness and Safety in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness and Safety in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness and Safety in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | covid 19 vaccines effectiveness and safety in trinidad and tobago a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Pfizer-BioNTech modern Novavax AstraZeneca Sinopharm Janssen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/135 |
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