Excessive copper induces lignin biosynthesis in the leaves and roots of two citrus species: Physiological, metabolomic and anatomical aspects
Excessive copper (Cu) of rhizosphere inhibited the growth and development of citrus seedlings. Lignin deposition on the cell wall promotes plant Cu tolerance. However, the lignin biosynthesis in citrus leaves and roots that respond to Cu toxicity is not fully understood. In this study, young seedlin...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325000284 |
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| author | Xin Zhou Xing Xiong Fei Lu Wenqing Shi Yu Zhou Ningwei Lai Li-Song Chen Zeng-Rong Huang |
| author_facet | Xin Zhou Xing Xiong Fei Lu Wenqing Shi Yu Zhou Ningwei Lai Li-Song Chen Zeng-Rong Huang |
| author_sort | Xin Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Excessive copper (Cu) of rhizosphere inhibited the growth and development of citrus seedlings. Lignin deposition on the cell wall promotes plant Cu tolerance. However, the lignin biosynthesis in citrus leaves and roots that respond to Cu toxicity is not fully understood. In this study, young seedlings of ‘Xuegan’ [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, a less Cu-tolerant species] and ‘Shatian pomelo’ [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck, a more Cu-tolerant species] were treated with nutrient solution containing 0.5 (as Control), 100, 300 or 500 µM Cu for 15 weeks in sandy culture. By the end of treatments, citrus leaves and roots were sampled to investigate the biomass allocation, Cu distribution, the lignin biosynthesis and deposition. The results indicated that Cu stress from 100 to 500 µM increased the root/shoot biomass ratio, promoting Cu and lignin accumulation in the leaves and roots of the tested citrus species. Besides, 300 µM Cu stress increased the accumulation of three lignin monomers of citrus species. The metabolomic profile indicated that Cu toxicity altered the lignin components of citrus species. The citrus roots are more prominent in the lignin precursor biosynthesis under Cu toxicity than citrus leaves. The histochemical staining supported that Cu stress improved the deposition of both guaiacy and syringy lignin units in citrus roots. The enzyme activity and gene expression revealed that activating lignin-biosynthetic enzymes, such as L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase and laccase, played an essential role in lignin biosynthesis. Our results demonstrated that excessive Cu induced lignin biosynthesis in citrus leaves and roots to different extents. The findings from the present study increased our understanding of lignin biosynthesis in Cu-stressed citrus species, which would provide a theoretical basis for the citrus Cu-tolerant mechanisms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-52e2b452dd1f4bbf8b817b579f517444 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj-art-52e2b452dd1f4bbf8b817b579f5174442025-01-23T05:26:07ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-01-01289117692Excessive copper induces lignin biosynthesis in the leaves and roots of two citrus species: Physiological, metabolomic and anatomical aspectsXin Zhou0Xing Xiong1Fei Lu2Wenqing Shi3Yu Zhou4Ningwei Lai5Li-Song Chen6Zeng-Rong Huang7College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Lab of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Province University (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Lab of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Province University (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Lab of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Province University (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fuzhou 350002, China; Corresponding author at: College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.Excessive copper (Cu) of rhizosphere inhibited the growth and development of citrus seedlings. Lignin deposition on the cell wall promotes plant Cu tolerance. However, the lignin biosynthesis in citrus leaves and roots that respond to Cu toxicity is not fully understood. In this study, young seedlings of ‘Xuegan’ [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, a less Cu-tolerant species] and ‘Shatian pomelo’ [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck, a more Cu-tolerant species] were treated with nutrient solution containing 0.5 (as Control), 100, 300 or 500 µM Cu for 15 weeks in sandy culture. By the end of treatments, citrus leaves and roots were sampled to investigate the biomass allocation, Cu distribution, the lignin biosynthesis and deposition. The results indicated that Cu stress from 100 to 500 µM increased the root/shoot biomass ratio, promoting Cu and lignin accumulation in the leaves and roots of the tested citrus species. Besides, 300 µM Cu stress increased the accumulation of three lignin monomers of citrus species. The metabolomic profile indicated that Cu toxicity altered the lignin components of citrus species. The citrus roots are more prominent in the lignin precursor biosynthesis under Cu toxicity than citrus leaves. The histochemical staining supported that Cu stress improved the deposition of both guaiacy and syringy lignin units in citrus roots. The enzyme activity and gene expression revealed that activating lignin-biosynthetic enzymes, such as L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase and laccase, played an essential role in lignin biosynthesis. Our results demonstrated that excessive Cu induced lignin biosynthesis in citrus leaves and roots to different extents. The findings from the present study increased our understanding of lignin biosynthesis in Cu-stressed citrus species, which would provide a theoretical basis for the citrus Cu-tolerant mechanisms.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325000284Citrus grandisCitrus sinensiscopper toxicitylignification |
| spellingShingle | Xin Zhou Xing Xiong Fei Lu Wenqing Shi Yu Zhou Ningwei Lai Li-Song Chen Zeng-Rong Huang Excessive copper induces lignin biosynthesis in the leaves and roots of two citrus species: Physiological, metabolomic and anatomical aspects Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Citrus grandis Citrus sinensis copper toxicity lignification |
| title | Excessive copper induces lignin biosynthesis in the leaves and roots of two citrus species: Physiological, metabolomic and anatomical aspects |
| title_full | Excessive copper induces lignin biosynthesis in the leaves and roots of two citrus species: Physiological, metabolomic and anatomical aspects |
| title_fullStr | Excessive copper induces lignin biosynthesis in the leaves and roots of two citrus species: Physiological, metabolomic and anatomical aspects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Excessive copper induces lignin biosynthesis in the leaves and roots of two citrus species: Physiological, metabolomic and anatomical aspects |
| title_short | Excessive copper induces lignin biosynthesis in the leaves and roots of two citrus species: Physiological, metabolomic and anatomical aspects |
| title_sort | excessive copper induces lignin biosynthesis in the leaves and roots of two citrus species physiological metabolomic and anatomical aspects |
| topic | Citrus grandis Citrus sinensis copper toxicity lignification |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325000284 |
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