Effect of Age on the Biomechanical Properties of Porcine LCL
The Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL), one of the four major ligaments in the knee joint, resides on the outer aspect of the knee. It forms a vital connection between the femur and the fibula. The LCL’s primary role is to provide stability against Varus forces, safeguarding the knee from undue rotat...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Bioengineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/1/5 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832589042721488896 |
|---|---|
| author | Narendra Singh Jovan Trajkovski Jose Felix Rodriguez Matas Robert Kunc |
| author_facet | Narendra Singh Jovan Trajkovski Jose Felix Rodriguez Matas Robert Kunc |
| author_sort | Narendra Singh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL), one of the four major ligaments in the knee joint, resides on the outer aspect of the knee. It forms a vital connection between the femur and the fibula. The LCL’s primary role is to provide stability against Varus forces, safeguarding the knee from undue rotation and tibial displacement. Uniaxial mechanical testing was conducted on the dog bone (DB) samples in this study. The porcine of different ages, from 3 months to 48 months (4 years) old, were used to analyse the effect of age. A constant head speed of 200 mm/s was applied throughout the tests to mimic strain–stress and damage responses at an initial strain rate of 13.3/s. The mechanical properties of LCL were evaluated, with a specific focus on the effect of age. The LMM (Linear Mixed Model) analysis revealed a marginally significant positive slope for Young’s modulus (<i>p</i> = 0.0512) and a significant intercept (<i>p</i> = 0.0016); for Maximum Stress, a negative slope (<i>p</i> = 0.0346) and significant intercept (<i>p</i> < 0.0001); while Maximum Stretch showed a significant negative slope (<i>p</i> = 0.0007) and intercept (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), indicating the muscle reduces compliance and load-bearing capacity with age. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-52b03ac9541a4879aa91e3351469c601 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-52b03ac9541a4879aa91e3351469c6012025-01-24T13:22:55ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542024-12-01121510.3390/bioengineering12010005Effect of Age on the Biomechanical Properties of Porcine LCLNarendra Singh0Jovan Trajkovski1Jose Felix Rodriguez Matas2Robert Kunc3Chair of Modelling in Engineering Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 6, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaChair of Modelling in Engineering Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 6, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, ItalyChair of Modelling in Engineering Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 6, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaThe Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL), one of the four major ligaments in the knee joint, resides on the outer aspect of the knee. It forms a vital connection between the femur and the fibula. The LCL’s primary role is to provide stability against Varus forces, safeguarding the knee from undue rotation and tibial displacement. Uniaxial mechanical testing was conducted on the dog bone (DB) samples in this study. The porcine of different ages, from 3 months to 48 months (4 years) old, were used to analyse the effect of age. A constant head speed of 200 mm/s was applied throughout the tests to mimic strain–stress and damage responses at an initial strain rate of 13.3/s. The mechanical properties of LCL were evaluated, with a specific focus on the effect of age. The LMM (Linear Mixed Model) analysis revealed a marginally significant positive slope for Young’s modulus (<i>p</i> = 0.0512) and a significant intercept (<i>p</i> = 0.0016); for Maximum Stress, a negative slope (<i>p</i> = 0.0346) and significant intercept (<i>p</i> < 0.0001); while Maximum Stretch showed a significant negative slope (<i>p</i> = 0.0007) and intercept (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), indicating the muscle reduces compliance and load-bearing capacity with age.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/1/5porcine ligamenttension testage-related changesLateral Collateral Ligamentbiomechanics |
| spellingShingle | Narendra Singh Jovan Trajkovski Jose Felix Rodriguez Matas Robert Kunc Effect of Age on the Biomechanical Properties of Porcine LCL Bioengineering porcine ligament tension test age-related changes Lateral Collateral Ligament biomechanics |
| title | Effect of Age on the Biomechanical Properties of Porcine LCL |
| title_full | Effect of Age on the Biomechanical Properties of Porcine LCL |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Age on the Biomechanical Properties of Porcine LCL |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Age on the Biomechanical Properties of Porcine LCL |
| title_short | Effect of Age on the Biomechanical Properties of Porcine LCL |
| title_sort | effect of age on the biomechanical properties of porcine lcl |
| topic | porcine ligament tension test age-related changes Lateral Collateral Ligament biomechanics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/1/5 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT narendrasingh effectofageonthebiomechanicalpropertiesofporcinelcl AT jovantrajkovski effectofageonthebiomechanicalpropertiesofporcinelcl AT josefelixrodriguezmatas effectofageonthebiomechanicalpropertiesofporcinelcl AT robertkunc effectofageonthebiomechanicalpropertiesofporcinelcl |