Dissecting the relationship between heart failure and diabetic retinopathy severity in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: an observational cohort study

Dissecting the relationship between heart failure and diabetic retinopathy severity in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: an observational cohort study

Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but evidence of its relationship with heart failure (HF) in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited. Therefore, we examined the association between DR severity and concurrent HF status, as w...

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Main Authors: Yi-Chen Huang, Feng-Ching Shen, Pei-Kang Liu, Wei-Chun Su, Teng-Hui Huang, Ming-Yen Lin, Mei-Chuan Kuo, Yi-Wen Chiu, Shang-Jyh Hwang, Yi-Ting Lin, Ping-Hsun Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Heart failure
Diabetic retinopathy
Chronic kidney disease
Diabetes mellitus
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04523-1
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