Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections
With the advent of a variety of vaccines against viral infections, there are multiple viruses that can be prevented via vaccination. However, breakthrough infections or uncovered strains can still cause vaccine-preventable viral infections (VPVIs). Therefore, timely diagnosis, treatment, and surveil...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/123 |
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| author | Kirthika Lakshmanan Benjamin M. Liu |
| author_facet | Kirthika Lakshmanan Benjamin M. Liu |
| author_sort | Kirthika Lakshmanan |
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| description | With the advent of a variety of vaccines against viral infections, there are multiple viruses that can be prevented via vaccination. However, breakthrough infections or uncovered strains can still cause vaccine-preventable viral infections (VPVIs). Therefore, timely diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of these viruses is critical to patient care and public health. Point-of-care (POC) viral diagnostics tools have brought significant improvements in the detection and management of VPVIs. These cutting-edge technologies enable prompt and accurate results, enhancing patient care by facilitating timely treatment decisions. This review delves into the advancements in POC testing, including antigen/antibody detection and molecular assays, while focusing on their impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of VPVIs such as mpox, viral hepatitis, influenza, flaviviruses (dengue, Zika, and yellow fever virus), and COVID-19. The role of POC tests in monitoring viral infection is crucial for tracking disease progression and managing outbreaks. Furthermore, the application of POC diagnostics has shown to be vital for public health strategies. In this review, we also highlight emerging POC technologies such as CRISPR-based diagnostics and smartphone-integrated POC devices, which have proven particularly beneficial in resource-limited settings. We underscore the importance of continued research to optimize these diagnostic tools for wider global use for mpox, viral hepatitis, influenza, dengue, and COVID-19, while also addressing current challenges related to their sensitivity, specificity, availability, efficiency, and more. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5188211d3131474bae7cfff7bddf4878 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-5188211d3131474bae7cfff7bddf48782025-01-24T13:28:48ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-01-0115212310.3390/diagnostics15020123Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Viral InfectionsKirthika Lakshmanan0Benjamin M. Liu1College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADivision of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USAWith the advent of a variety of vaccines against viral infections, there are multiple viruses that can be prevented via vaccination. However, breakthrough infections or uncovered strains can still cause vaccine-preventable viral infections (VPVIs). Therefore, timely diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of these viruses is critical to patient care and public health. Point-of-care (POC) viral diagnostics tools have brought significant improvements in the detection and management of VPVIs. These cutting-edge technologies enable prompt and accurate results, enhancing patient care by facilitating timely treatment decisions. This review delves into the advancements in POC testing, including antigen/antibody detection and molecular assays, while focusing on their impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of VPVIs such as mpox, viral hepatitis, influenza, flaviviruses (dengue, Zika, and yellow fever virus), and COVID-19. The role of POC tests in monitoring viral infection is crucial for tracking disease progression and managing outbreaks. Furthermore, the application of POC diagnostics has shown to be vital for public health strategies. In this review, we also highlight emerging POC technologies such as CRISPR-based diagnostics and smartphone-integrated POC devices, which have proven particularly beneficial in resource-limited settings. We underscore the importance of continued research to optimize these diagnostic tools for wider global use for mpox, viral hepatitis, influenza, dengue, and COVID-19, while also addressing current challenges related to their sensitivity, specificity, availability, efficiency, and more.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/123point-of-care testingvaccine-preventable infectionsviral diseasesCRISPR-Casviral loadHBV |
| spellingShingle | Kirthika Lakshmanan Benjamin M. Liu Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections Diagnostics point-of-care testing vaccine-preventable infections viral diseases CRISPR-Cas viral load HBV |
| title | Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections |
| title_full | Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections |
| title_short | Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections |
| title_sort | impact of point of care testing on diagnosis treatment and surveillance of vaccine preventable viral infections |
| topic | point-of-care testing vaccine-preventable infections viral diseases CRISPR-Cas viral load HBV |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/123 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kirthikalakshmanan impactofpointofcaretestingondiagnosistreatmentandsurveillanceofvaccinepreventableviralinfections AT benjaminmliu impactofpointofcaretestingondiagnosistreatmentandsurveillanceofvaccinepreventableviralinfections |