Socio-economic determinants and spatial analysis of access to sanitation among older adults in Ghana
Abstract Access to sanitation is a fundamental human right essential for health and dignity, yet inadequate access remains a significant challenge globally. This has a significant negative impact on vulnerable populations, especially older adults. This study assesses the spatial distribution and soc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Discover Social Science and Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-025-00160-1 |
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| author | Ebenezer Nana Kwaku Boateng Yvonne Ami Adjakloe Addae Boateng Adu-Gyamfi Amos Apraku Simon Mariwah Razak M. Gyasi |
| author_facet | Ebenezer Nana Kwaku Boateng Yvonne Ami Adjakloe Addae Boateng Adu-Gyamfi Amos Apraku Simon Mariwah Razak M. Gyasi |
| author_sort | Ebenezer Nana Kwaku Boateng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Access to sanitation is a fundamental human right essential for health and dignity, yet inadequate access remains a significant challenge globally. This has a significant negative impact on vulnerable populations, especially older adults. This study assesses the spatial distribution and socioeconomic determinants of access to sanitation among older adults in Ghana. We used data from the 2021 Population and Housing Census and employed the Moran’s I, Hotspot, and Cluster and Outlier analytic tools to assess the spatial distribution of access to sanitation. Logistic regression models were used to determine the factors influencing access to sanitation. Findings indicated regional and district-level disparities in sanitation access among older adults in Ghana. Individual-level factors such as sex, age, marital status, education, rural residence, religion, ownership of household assets, and disabilities significantly influence sanitation access. Specifically, the adjusted logistic regression results indicated that females had higher odds of sanitation access than males (AOR: 1.054, CI 1.023, 1.087, p-value < 0.001). while those in the ‘‘80 + ’’ age group had higher odds of sanitation access compared to those in the ‘‘60–69’’ age group (AOR: 1.171, CI 1.129, 1.214, p-value < 0.001). In addition, separated/divorced (AOR: 1.374, CI 1.263, 1.494], p-value < 0.001), widowed (AOR: 1.143, CI 1.059, 1.234, p-value < 0.001) and never-married (AOR: 1.208, CI 1.077, 1.354, p-value < 0.001) individuals were more likely to have sanitation access compared to those living informally/living together. Also, those attending or attended school in the past (AOR: 2.749, CI 2.662, 2.838, p-value < 0.001) had significantly higher odds of sanitation access than those who never attended. These data highlight the need for integrated approaches considering spatial variations and individual-level determinants to effectively address disparities in sanitation access. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5130653373bb4d2d8f6052d06efcefdc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2731-0469 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Social Science and Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-5130653373bb4d2d8f6052d06efcefdc2025-02-09T12:55:16ZengSpringerDiscover Social Science and Health2731-04692025-02-015111410.1007/s44155-025-00160-1Socio-economic determinants and spatial analysis of access to sanitation among older adults in GhanaEbenezer Nana Kwaku Boateng0Yvonne Ami Adjakloe1Addae Boateng Adu-Gyamfi2Amos Apraku3Simon Mariwah4Razak M. Gyasi5Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape CoastDepartment of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape CoastDepartment of Population and Health, University of Cape CoastDepartment of Languages and General Studies, University of Energy and Natural Resources (UENR)Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape CoastAging and Development Unit, African Population and Health Research CenterAbstract Access to sanitation is a fundamental human right essential for health and dignity, yet inadequate access remains a significant challenge globally. This has a significant negative impact on vulnerable populations, especially older adults. This study assesses the spatial distribution and socioeconomic determinants of access to sanitation among older adults in Ghana. We used data from the 2021 Population and Housing Census and employed the Moran’s I, Hotspot, and Cluster and Outlier analytic tools to assess the spatial distribution of access to sanitation. Logistic regression models were used to determine the factors influencing access to sanitation. Findings indicated regional and district-level disparities in sanitation access among older adults in Ghana. Individual-level factors such as sex, age, marital status, education, rural residence, religion, ownership of household assets, and disabilities significantly influence sanitation access. Specifically, the adjusted logistic regression results indicated that females had higher odds of sanitation access than males (AOR: 1.054, CI 1.023, 1.087, p-value < 0.001). while those in the ‘‘80 + ’’ age group had higher odds of sanitation access compared to those in the ‘‘60–69’’ age group (AOR: 1.171, CI 1.129, 1.214, p-value < 0.001). In addition, separated/divorced (AOR: 1.374, CI 1.263, 1.494], p-value < 0.001), widowed (AOR: 1.143, CI 1.059, 1.234, p-value < 0.001) and never-married (AOR: 1.208, CI 1.077, 1.354, p-value < 0.001) individuals were more likely to have sanitation access compared to those living informally/living together. Also, those attending or attended school in the past (AOR: 2.749, CI 2.662, 2.838, p-value < 0.001) had significantly higher odds of sanitation access than those who never attended. These data highlight the need for integrated approaches considering spatial variations and individual-level determinants to effectively address disparities in sanitation access.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-025-00160-1Sanitation accessOlder adultsGhanaSpatial disparitiesHealth and dignity |
| spellingShingle | Ebenezer Nana Kwaku Boateng Yvonne Ami Adjakloe Addae Boateng Adu-Gyamfi Amos Apraku Simon Mariwah Razak M. Gyasi Socio-economic determinants and spatial analysis of access to sanitation among older adults in Ghana Discover Social Science and Health Sanitation access Older adults Ghana Spatial disparities Health and dignity |
| title | Socio-economic determinants and spatial analysis of access to sanitation among older adults in Ghana |
| title_full | Socio-economic determinants and spatial analysis of access to sanitation among older adults in Ghana |
| title_fullStr | Socio-economic determinants and spatial analysis of access to sanitation among older adults in Ghana |
| title_full_unstemmed | Socio-economic determinants and spatial analysis of access to sanitation among older adults in Ghana |
| title_short | Socio-economic determinants and spatial analysis of access to sanitation among older adults in Ghana |
| title_sort | socio economic determinants and spatial analysis of access to sanitation among older adults in ghana |
| topic | Sanitation access Older adults Ghana Spatial disparities Health and dignity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-025-00160-1 |
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