A Possible Change Process of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Prolonged Chronic Stress and Its Ultimate Implications for Health
Sustained stress triggers series of changes in the brain and the body. At the early stage of stress, the activated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) axis can upregulate the levels of glucocorticoid (GCs) and catecholamines (CAs), respectively, and then th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-01-01
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| Series: | The Scientific World Journal |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/780616 |
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| author | Rui Tian Gonglin Hou Dan Li Ti-Fei Yuan |
| author_facet | Rui Tian Gonglin Hou Dan Li Ti-Fei Yuan |
| author_sort | Rui Tian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sustained stress triggers series of changes in the brain and the body. At the early stage of stress, the activated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) axis can upregulate the levels of glucocorticoid (GCs) and catecholamines (CAs), respectively, and then they in turn inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines directly or indirectly while promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. At the prolonged stage, the sustained activated HPA demonstrates cortisol-resistance. At the same time, the inflammation related transcription pathway, such as nuclear-factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling, may be inhibited. Additionally, the inflammatory cytokines mediate a negative feedback regulation on themselves. Collectively, these regulations may increase the proinflammatory cytokines while decreasing the anti-inflammatory cytokines. This may further activate NF-κB and increase the proinflammation cytokines, which in turn reduce the inflammatory responses, contributing to various diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-50e785167db0475b8defc1b1136d0474 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2356-6140 1537-744X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Scientific World Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-50e785167db0475b8defc1b1136d04742025-02-03T06:13:05ZengWileyThe Scientific World Journal2356-61401537-744X2014-01-01201410.1155/2014/780616780616A Possible Change Process of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Prolonged Chronic Stress and Its Ultimate Implications for HealthRui Tian0Gonglin Hou1Dan Li2Ti-Fei Yuan3Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 579 Mailbox, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 579 Mailbox, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 579 Mailbox, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, ChinaSustained stress triggers series of changes in the brain and the body. At the early stage of stress, the activated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) axis can upregulate the levels of glucocorticoid (GCs) and catecholamines (CAs), respectively, and then they in turn inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines directly or indirectly while promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. At the prolonged stage, the sustained activated HPA demonstrates cortisol-resistance. At the same time, the inflammation related transcription pathway, such as nuclear-factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling, may be inhibited. Additionally, the inflammatory cytokines mediate a negative feedback regulation on themselves. Collectively, these regulations may increase the proinflammatory cytokines while decreasing the anti-inflammatory cytokines. This may further activate NF-κB and increase the proinflammation cytokines, which in turn reduce the inflammatory responses, contributing to various diseases.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/780616 |
| spellingShingle | Rui Tian Gonglin Hou Dan Li Ti-Fei Yuan A Possible Change Process of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Prolonged Chronic Stress and Its Ultimate Implications for Health The Scientific World Journal |
| title | A Possible Change Process of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Prolonged Chronic Stress and Its Ultimate Implications for Health |
| title_full | A Possible Change Process of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Prolonged Chronic Stress and Its Ultimate Implications for Health |
| title_fullStr | A Possible Change Process of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Prolonged Chronic Stress and Its Ultimate Implications for Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Possible Change Process of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Prolonged Chronic Stress and Its Ultimate Implications for Health |
| title_short | A Possible Change Process of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Prolonged Chronic Stress and Its Ultimate Implications for Health |
| title_sort | possible change process of inflammatory cytokines in the prolonged chronic stress and its ultimate implications for health |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/780616 |
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