Robust SAR Waveform Design for Extended Target in Spectrally Dense Environments

To enhance the signature of an extended target in a SAR image, a robust waveform design method is presented for spectrally dense environments. First, the problem is formulated by maximizing the worst-case signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) over the uncertainty set of statistics for both target and backgr...

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Main Authors: Rui Zhang, Fuwei Wu, Bing Gao, Ge Xu, Jianwei Wu, Jiawei Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3670
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author Rui Zhang
Fuwei Wu
Bing Gao
Ge Xu
Jianwei Wu
Jiawei Zhang
author_facet Rui Zhang
Fuwei Wu
Bing Gao
Ge Xu
Jianwei Wu
Jiawei Zhang
author_sort Rui Zhang
collection DOAJ
description To enhance the signature of an extended target in a SAR image, a robust waveform design method is presented for spectrally dense environments. First, the problem is formulated by maximizing the worst-case signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) over the uncertainty set of statistics for both target and background scattering characteristics, subject to energy, similarity, and spectrum constraints. Second, the closed-form solutions for the uncertain statistics are derived. The problem of maximizing worst-case SCR is boiled down to a nonconvex fractional quadratically constrained quadratic problem (QCQP). Resorting to the Dinkelbach’s algorithm and Lagrange duality, the QCQP is split into a series of solvable semidefinite programming problems. A convergence analysis is conducted, where a sufficient condition for global convergence is derived. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme.
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issn 1424-8220
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series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-509fca97566b470b9ae20b40ca7c5a262025-08-20T03:16:35ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012512367010.3390/s25123670Robust SAR Waveform Design for Extended Target in Spectrally Dense EnvironmentsRui Zhang0Fuwei Wu1Bing Gao2Ge Xu3Jianwei Wu4Jiawei Zhang5Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing 210039, ChinaNanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing 210039, ChinaNanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing 210039, ChinaNanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing 210039, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaTo enhance the signature of an extended target in a SAR image, a robust waveform design method is presented for spectrally dense environments. First, the problem is formulated by maximizing the worst-case signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) over the uncertainty set of statistics for both target and background scattering characteristics, subject to energy, similarity, and spectrum constraints. Second, the closed-form solutions for the uncertain statistics are derived. The problem of maximizing worst-case SCR is boiled down to a nonconvex fractional quadratically constrained quadratic problem (QCQP). Resorting to the Dinkelbach’s algorithm and Lagrange duality, the QCQP is split into a series of solvable semidefinite programming problems. A convergence analysis is conducted, where a sufficient condition for global convergence is derived. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3670SARSCRextended targetsrobust waveformspectral constraint
spellingShingle Rui Zhang
Fuwei Wu
Bing Gao
Ge Xu
Jianwei Wu
Jiawei Zhang
Robust SAR Waveform Design for Extended Target in Spectrally Dense Environments
Sensors
SAR
SCR
extended targets
robust waveform
spectral constraint
title Robust SAR Waveform Design for Extended Target in Spectrally Dense Environments
title_full Robust SAR Waveform Design for Extended Target in Spectrally Dense Environments
title_fullStr Robust SAR Waveform Design for Extended Target in Spectrally Dense Environments
title_full_unstemmed Robust SAR Waveform Design for Extended Target in Spectrally Dense Environments
title_short Robust SAR Waveform Design for Extended Target in Spectrally Dense Environments
title_sort robust sar waveform design for extended target in spectrally dense environments
topic SAR
SCR
extended targets
robust waveform
spectral constraint
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3670
work_keys_str_mv AT ruizhang robustsarwaveformdesignforextendedtargetinspectrallydenseenvironments
AT fuweiwu robustsarwaveformdesignforextendedtargetinspectrallydenseenvironments
AT binggao robustsarwaveformdesignforextendedtargetinspectrallydenseenvironments
AT gexu robustsarwaveformdesignforextendedtargetinspectrallydenseenvironments
AT jianweiwu robustsarwaveformdesignforextendedtargetinspectrallydenseenvironments
AT jiaweizhang robustsarwaveformdesignforextendedtargetinspectrallydenseenvironments