Preclinical Cognitive Markers of Alzheimer Disease and Early Diagnosis Using Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence: Literature Review

Abstract BackgroundThis review explores the potential of virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) to identify preclinical cognitive markers of Alzheimer disease (AD). By synthesizing recent studies, it aims to advance early diagnostic methods to detect AD before s...

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Main Authors: María de la Paz Scribano Parada, Fátima González Palau, Sonia Valladares Rodríguez, Mariano Rincon, Maria José Rico Barroeta, Marta García Rodriguez, Yolanda Bueno Aguado, Ana Herrero Blanco, Estela Díaz-López, Margarita Bachiller Mayoral, Raquel Losada Durán
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JMIR Publications 2025-01-01
Series:JMIR Medical Informatics
Online Access:https://medinform.jmir.org/2025/1/e62914
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author María de la Paz Scribano Parada
Fátima González Palau
Sonia Valladares Rodríguez
Mariano Rincon
Maria José Rico Barroeta
Marta García Rodriguez
Yolanda Bueno Aguado
Ana Herrero Blanco
Estela Díaz-López
Margarita Bachiller Mayoral
Raquel Losada Durán
author_facet María de la Paz Scribano Parada
Fátima González Palau
Sonia Valladares Rodríguez
Mariano Rincon
Maria José Rico Barroeta
Marta García Rodriguez
Yolanda Bueno Aguado
Ana Herrero Blanco
Estela Díaz-López
Margarita Bachiller Mayoral
Raquel Losada Durán
author_sort María de la Paz Scribano Parada
collection DOAJ
description Abstract BackgroundThis review explores the potential of virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) to identify preclinical cognitive markers of Alzheimer disease (AD). By synthesizing recent studies, it aims to advance early diagnostic methods to detect AD before significant symptoms occur. ObjectiveResearch emphasizes the significance of early detection in AD during the preclinical phase, which does not involve cognitive impairment but nevertheless requires reliable biomarkers. Current biomarkers face challenges, prompting the exploration of cognitive behavior indicators beyond episodic memory. MethodsUsing PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we searched Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar for studies on neuropsychiatric disorders utilizing conversational data. ResultsFollowing an analysis of 38 selected articles, we highlight verbal episodic memory as a sensitive preclinical AD marker, with supporting evidence from neuroimaging and genetic profiling. Executive functions precede memory decline, while processing speed is a significant correlate. The potential of VR remains underexplored, and AI algorithms offer a multidimensional approach to early neurocognitive disorder diagnosis. ConclusionsEmerging technologies like VR and AI show promise for preclinical diagnostics, but thorough validation and regulation for clinical safety and efficacy are necessary. Continued technological advancements are expected to enhance early detection and management of AD.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2291-9694
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher JMIR Publications
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series JMIR Medical Informatics
spelling doaj-art-509b2c4e04484513b4db0059326324102025-02-04T21:46:22ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Medical Informatics2291-96942025-01-0113e62914e6291410.2196/62914Preclinical Cognitive Markers of Alzheimer Disease and Early Diagnosis Using Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence: Literature ReviewMaría de la Paz Scribano Paradahttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-6096Fátima González Palauhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-2727-228XSonia Valladares Rodríguezhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-9949Mariano Rinconhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-4662Maria José Rico Barroetahttp://orcid.org/0009-0005-7572-1034Marta García Rodriguezhttp://orcid.org/0009-0004-0958-8549Yolanda Bueno Aguadohttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-414XAna Herrero Blancohttp://orcid.org/0009-0005-5753-4884Estela Díaz-Lópezhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6448-7741Margarita Bachiller Mayoralhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-0858Raquel Losada Duránhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-1697-7655 Abstract BackgroundThis review explores the potential of virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) to identify preclinical cognitive markers of Alzheimer disease (AD). By synthesizing recent studies, it aims to advance early diagnostic methods to detect AD before significant symptoms occur. ObjectiveResearch emphasizes the significance of early detection in AD during the preclinical phase, which does not involve cognitive impairment but nevertheless requires reliable biomarkers. Current biomarkers face challenges, prompting the exploration of cognitive behavior indicators beyond episodic memory. MethodsUsing PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we searched Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar for studies on neuropsychiatric disorders utilizing conversational data. ResultsFollowing an analysis of 38 selected articles, we highlight verbal episodic memory as a sensitive preclinical AD marker, with supporting evidence from neuroimaging and genetic profiling. Executive functions precede memory decline, while processing speed is a significant correlate. The potential of VR remains underexplored, and AI algorithms offer a multidimensional approach to early neurocognitive disorder diagnosis. ConclusionsEmerging technologies like VR and AI show promise for preclinical diagnostics, but thorough validation and regulation for clinical safety and efficacy are necessary. Continued technological advancements are expected to enhance early detection and management of AD.https://medinform.jmir.org/2025/1/e62914
spellingShingle María de la Paz Scribano Parada
Fátima González Palau
Sonia Valladares Rodríguez
Mariano Rincon
Maria José Rico Barroeta
Marta García Rodriguez
Yolanda Bueno Aguado
Ana Herrero Blanco
Estela Díaz-López
Margarita Bachiller Mayoral
Raquel Losada Durán
Preclinical Cognitive Markers of Alzheimer Disease and Early Diagnosis Using Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence: Literature Review
JMIR Medical Informatics
title Preclinical Cognitive Markers of Alzheimer Disease and Early Diagnosis Using Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence: Literature Review
title_full Preclinical Cognitive Markers of Alzheimer Disease and Early Diagnosis Using Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence: Literature Review
title_fullStr Preclinical Cognitive Markers of Alzheimer Disease and Early Diagnosis Using Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence: Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Preclinical Cognitive Markers of Alzheimer Disease and Early Diagnosis Using Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence: Literature Review
title_short Preclinical Cognitive Markers of Alzheimer Disease and Early Diagnosis Using Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence: Literature Review
title_sort preclinical cognitive markers of alzheimer disease and early diagnosis using virtual reality and artificial intelligence literature review
url https://medinform.jmir.org/2025/1/e62914
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