Low-threshold dual-polarization electro-optic nonlinear activation functions
In this paper, a scheme for realizing low-threshold dual-polarization electro-optic nonlinear activation functions is proposed, designed, and experimentally demonstrated. This scheme relies on a structure composed of an optical power splitter and a thermo-optic modulator based on Mach–Zehnder interf...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
AIP Publishing LLC
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | APL Photonics |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0230013 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832542779356479488 |
|---|---|
| author | Tao Jin Jian Lin Pengjun Wang Qiang Fu Yuhan Sun Yi Zou Shixun Dai Weiwei Chen Jun Li Tingge Dai Jianyi Yang |
| author_facet | Tao Jin Jian Lin Pengjun Wang Qiang Fu Yuhan Sun Yi Zou Shixun Dai Weiwei Chen Jun Li Tingge Dai Jianyi Yang |
| author_sort | Tao Jin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, a scheme for realizing low-threshold dual-polarization electro-optic nonlinear activation functions is proposed, designed, and experimentally demonstrated. This scheme relies on a structure composed of an optical power splitter and a thermo-optic modulator based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer, which are optimized by using direct binary search and particle swarm optimization algorithms. When a fixed proportion of the input optical signal is transformed into the electrical signal and the remaining input optical signal is modulated by using the thermo-optic effect, the rectified linear unit activation function with a low-threshold power of 0.2 mW for transverse-electric polarization and the Gaussian activation function with a low-threshold power of 0.1 mW for transverse-magnetic polarization can be measured separately. If the above-mentioned two nonlinear activation functions are introduced into the convolutional neural network to perform the modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digit classification task, validation accuracies of 97.3% and 96.85% will be achieved. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-506e61cbd7154fafb625f2e9cd6f5548 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2378-0967 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | AIP Publishing LLC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | APL Photonics |
| spelling | doaj-art-506e61cbd7154fafb625f2e9cd6f55482025-02-03T16:36:22ZengAIP Publishing LLCAPL Photonics2378-09672025-01-01101016119016119-910.1063/5.0230013Low-threshold dual-polarization electro-optic nonlinear activation functionsTao Jin0Jian Lin1Pengjun Wang2Qiang Fu3Yuhan Sun4Yi Zou5Shixun Dai6Weiwei Chen7Jun Li8Tingge Dai9Jianyi Yang10Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaCollege of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, ChinaCollege of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaThe School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, ChinaThe School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, ChinaFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaDepartment of Information Science and Electronics Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaDepartment of Information Science and Electronics Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaIn this paper, a scheme for realizing low-threshold dual-polarization electro-optic nonlinear activation functions is proposed, designed, and experimentally demonstrated. This scheme relies on a structure composed of an optical power splitter and a thermo-optic modulator based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer, which are optimized by using direct binary search and particle swarm optimization algorithms. When a fixed proportion of the input optical signal is transformed into the electrical signal and the remaining input optical signal is modulated by using the thermo-optic effect, the rectified linear unit activation function with a low-threshold power of 0.2 mW for transverse-electric polarization and the Gaussian activation function with a low-threshold power of 0.1 mW for transverse-magnetic polarization can be measured separately. If the above-mentioned two nonlinear activation functions are introduced into the convolutional neural network to perform the modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digit classification task, validation accuracies of 97.3% and 96.85% will be achieved.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0230013 |
| spellingShingle | Tao Jin Jian Lin Pengjun Wang Qiang Fu Yuhan Sun Yi Zou Shixun Dai Weiwei Chen Jun Li Tingge Dai Jianyi Yang Low-threshold dual-polarization electro-optic nonlinear activation functions APL Photonics |
| title | Low-threshold dual-polarization electro-optic nonlinear activation functions |
| title_full | Low-threshold dual-polarization electro-optic nonlinear activation functions |
| title_fullStr | Low-threshold dual-polarization electro-optic nonlinear activation functions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low-threshold dual-polarization electro-optic nonlinear activation functions |
| title_short | Low-threshold dual-polarization electro-optic nonlinear activation functions |
| title_sort | low threshold dual polarization electro optic nonlinear activation functions |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0230013 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT taojin lowthresholddualpolarizationelectroopticnonlinearactivationfunctions AT jianlin lowthresholddualpolarizationelectroopticnonlinearactivationfunctions AT pengjunwang lowthresholddualpolarizationelectroopticnonlinearactivationfunctions AT qiangfu lowthresholddualpolarizationelectroopticnonlinearactivationfunctions AT yuhansun lowthresholddualpolarizationelectroopticnonlinearactivationfunctions AT yizou lowthresholddualpolarizationelectroopticnonlinearactivationfunctions AT shixundai lowthresholddualpolarizationelectroopticnonlinearactivationfunctions AT weiweichen lowthresholddualpolarizationelectroopticnonlinearactivationfunctions AT junli lowthresholddualpolarizationelectroopticnonlinearactivationfunctions AT tinggedai lowthresholddualpolarizationelectroopticnonlinearactivationfunctions AT jianyiyang lowthresholddualpolarizationelectroopticnonlinearactivationfunctions |