From relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) to revised beliefs after psychedelics (REBAS)
Abstract The Relaxed Beliefs Under pSychedelics (REBUS) model proposes that serotonergic psychedelics decrease the precision weighting of neurobiologically-encoded beliefs. We conducted a preliminary examination of two psychological assumptions of REBUS: (a) psychedelics foster acute relaxation and...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28111-3 |
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| author | Richard J. Zeifman Meg J. Spriggs Hannes Kettner Taylor Lyons Fernando E. Rosas Pedro A. M. Mediano David Erritzoe Robin L. Carhart-Harris |
| author_facet | Richard J. Zeifman Meg J. Spriggs Hannes Kettner Taylor Lyons Fernando E. Rosas Pedro A. M. Mediano David Erritzoe Robin L. Carhart-Harris |
| author_sort | Richard J. Zeifman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The Relaxed Beliefs Under pSychedelics (REBUS) model proposes that serotonergic psychedelics decrease the precision weighting of neurobiologically-encoded beliefs. We conducted a preliminary examination of two psychological assumptions of REBUS: (a) psychedelics foster acute relaxation and post-acute revision of confidence in mental-health-relevant beliefs; which (b) facilitate positive therapeutic outcomes and are associated with the entropy of EEG signals. Healthy individuals (N = 11) were administered 1 mg and 25 mg psilocybin 4-weeks apart. Confidence ratings for personally held beliefs were obtained before, during, and 4-weeks post-psilocybin. Acute entropy and subjective experiences were measured, as was well-being (before and 4-weeks post-psilocybin). Confidence in negative self-beliefs decreased following 25 mg psilocybin. Entropy and subjective effects under 25 mg psilocybin correlated with decreases in negative self-belief confidence (acutely and at 4-weeks). Particularly strong evidence was seen for a relationship between decreases in negative self-belief confidence and increases in well-being. We report the first empirical evidence that the relaxation and revision of negative self-belief confidence mediates psilocybin's positive psychological outcomes, and provide tentative evidence for a neuronal mechanism, namely, increased neuronal entropy. Replication within larger and clinical samples is necessary. We also introduce a new measure for examining the robustness of these preliminary findings and the utility of the REBUS model. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5033d8a01894414dbf95765282f434e1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-5033d8a01894414dbf95765282f434e12025-02-02T12:18:41ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111210.1038/s41598-023-28111-3From relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) to revised beliefs after psychedelics (REBAS)Richard J. Zeifman0Meg J. Spriggs1Hannes Kettner2Taylor Lyons3Fernando E. Rosas4Pedro A. M. Mediano5David Erritzoe6Robin L. Carhart-Harris7Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonCentre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonCentre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonCentre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonCentre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonDepartment of Computing, Imperial College LondonCentre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonCentre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonAbstract The Relaxed Beliefs Under pSychedelics (REBUS) model proposes that serotonergic psychedelics decrease the precision weighting of neurobiologically-encoded beliefs. We conducted a preliminary examination of two psychological assumptions of REBUS: (a) psychedelics foster acute relaxation and post-acute revision of confidence in mental-health-relevant beliefs; which (b) facilitate positive therapeutic outcomes and are associated with the entropy of EEG signals. Healthy individuals (N = 11) were administered 1 mg and 25 mg psilocybin 4-weeks apart. Confidence ratings for personally held beliefs were obtained before, during, and 4-weeks post-psilocybin. Acute entropy and subjective experiences were measured, as was well-being (before and 4-weeks post-psilocybin). Confidence in negative self-beliefs decreased following 25 mg psilocybin. Entropy and subjective effects under 25 mg psilocybin correlated with decreases in negative self-belief confidence (acutely and at 4-weeks). Particularly strong evidence was seen for a relationship between decreases in negative self-belief confidence and increases in well-being. We report the first empirical evidence that the relaxation and revision of negative self-belief confidence mediates psilocybin's positive psychological outcomes, and provide tentative evidence for a neuronal mechanism, namely, increased neuronal entropy. Replication within larger and clinical samples is necessary. We also introduce a new measure for examining the robustness of these preliminary findings and the utility of the REBUS model.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28111-3 |
| spellingShingle | Richard J. Zeifman Meg J. Spriggs Hannes Kettner Taylor Lyons Fernando E. Rosas Pedro A. M. Mediano David Erritzoe Robin L. Carhart-Harris From relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) to revised beliefs after psychedelics (REBAS) Scientific Reports |
| title | From relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) to revised beliefs after psychedelics (REBAS) |
| title_full | From relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) to revised beliefs after psychedelics (REBAS) |
| title_fullStr | From relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) to revised beliefs after psychedelics (REBAS) |
| title_full_unstemmed | From relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) to revised beliefs after psychedelics (REBAS) |
| title_short | From relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) to revised beliefs after psychedelics (REBAS) |
| title_sort | from relaxed beliefs under psychedelics rebus to revised beliefs after psychedelics rebas |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28111-3 |
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