Survival comparison of breast conserving therapy and mastectomy with breast reconstruction for breast cancer using propensity score matched cohort

Abstract Cohort studies have suggested that breast-conserving therapy (BCT) offers better survival outcomes compared to mastectomy in patients with early breast cancer (BC). However, survival comparisons between BCT and mastectomy with breast reconstruction (Mastectomy + BR) are lacking. To investig...

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Main Authors: Hao Li, Shen Tian, Juan Wu, Shu Li, Jun Xiao, Yu-ling Chen, Jing-yu Song, Qin Pan, Xin-yu Liang, Rui-ling She, Chen-yu Ma, Kai-nan Wu, Ling-quan Kong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16215-x
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author Hao Li
Shen Tian
Juan Wu
Shu Li
Jun Xiao
Yu-ling Chen
Jing-yu Song
Qin Pan
Xin-yu Liang
Rui-ling She
Chen-yu Ma
Kai-nan Wu
Ling-quan Kong
author_facet Hao Li
Shen Tian
Juan Wu
Shu Li
Jun Xiao
Yu-ling Chen
Jing-yu Song
Qin Pan
Xin-yu Liang
Rui-ling She
Chen-yu Ma
Kai-nan Wu
Ling-quan Kong
author_sort Hao Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cohort studies have suggested that breast-conserving therapy (BCT) offers better survival outcomes compared to mastectomy in patients with early breast cancer (BC). However, survival comparisons between BCT and mastectomy with breast reconstruction (Mastectomy + BR) are lacking. To investigate this, we conducted a cohort study using data from the SEER database. Patients with first-diagnosed locoregional BC between 2010 and 2016 were included and categorized into BCT and Mastectomy + BR groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce selection bias. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the groups. After PSM, 56,420 patients were matched (1:1) into the BCT and Mastectomy + BR groups. No significant differences in BCSS or OS were observed between the two matched groups overall. However, subgroup analyses based on tumor size and nodal status showed that, among patients with node-negative and tumors ≤ 5 cm, Mastectomy + BR was associated with decreased BCSS compared to BCT (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02–1.49, P = 0.03). Inferior BCSS for Mastectomy + BR was also observed in tumors located in the upper-outer quadrant (HR  1.54, 95% CI 1.07–2.20, P = 0.02), nipple & central area (HR 4.98, 95% CI 1.44–17.21, P = 0.01), and in triple-negative BC (HR  1.45, 95% CI 1.07–1.98, P = 0.02). Additionally, in triple-negative BC, Mastectomy + BR was associated with worse OS (HR  1.33, 95% CI 1.00–1.76, P = 0.048). For patients with node-positive or tumors > 5 cm, no significant differences in BCSS or OS were found between the BCT and Mastectomy + BR groups, except in the HER2-enriched subtype, where Mastectomy + BR was associated with improved BCSS (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22–0.85, P = 0.015) and a marginal better OS (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29–1.01, P = 0.055). This study suggests that, except for the HER2-enriched subtype, BCT remains an equivalent or, in specific clinical scenarios, a superior alternative to Mastectomy + BR for the treatment of breast cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-5004ba35c4eb41f1b47a86c0296ff1d82025-08-24T11:22:09ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-16215-xSurvival comparison of breast conserving therapy and mastectomy with breast reconstruction for breast cancer using propensity score matched cohortHao Li0Shen Tian1Juan Wu2Shu Li3Jun Xiao4Yu-ling Chen5Jing-yu Song6Qin Pan7Xin-yu Liang8Rui-ling She9Chen-yu Ma10Kai-nan Wu11Ling-quan Kong12Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Zigong First People’s HospitalDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityAbstract Cohort studies have suggested that breast-conserving therapy (BCT) offers better survival outcomes compared to mastectomy in patients with early breast cancer (BC). However, survival comparisons between BCT and mastectomy with breast reconstruction (Mastectomy + BR) are lacking. To investigate this, we conducted a cohort study using data from the SEER database. Patients with first-diagnosed locoregional BC between 2010 and 2016 were included and categorized into BCT and Mastectomy + BR groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce selection bias. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the groups. After PSM, 56,420 patients were matched (1:1) into the BCT and Mastectomy + BR groups. No significant differences in BCSS or OS were observed between the two matched groups overall. However, subgroup analyses based on tumor size and nodal status showed that, among patients with node-negative and tumors ≤ 5 cm, Mastectomy + BR was associated with decreased BCSS compared to BCT (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02–1.49, P = 0.03). Inferior BCSS for Mastectomy + BR was also observed in tumors located in the upper-outer quadrant (HR  1.54, 95% CI 1.07–2.20, P = 0.02), nipple & central area (HR 4.98, 95% CI 1.44–17.21, P = 0.01), and in triple-negative BC (HR  1.45, 95% CI 1.07–1.98, P = 0.02). Additionally, in triple-negative BC, Mastectomy + BR was associated with worse OS (HR  1.33, 95% CI 1.00–1.76, P = 0.048). For patients with node-positive or tumors > 5 cm, no significant differences in BCSS or OS were found between the BCT and Mastectomy + BR groups, except in the HER2-enriched subtype, where Mastectomy + BR was associated with improved BCSS (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22–0.85, P = 0.015) and a marginal better OS (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29–1.01, P = 0.055). This study suggests that, except for the HER2-enriched subtype, BCT remains an equivalent or, in specific clinical scenarios, a superior alternative to Mastectomy + BR for the treatment of breast cancer.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16215-xBreast cancerBreast-conserving therapyMastectomy with breast reconstructionBreast cancer-specific survivalOverall survivalPropensity score matching analysis
spellingShingle Hao Li
Shen Tian
Juan Wu
Shu Li
Jun Xiao
Yu-ling Chen
Jing-yu Song
Qin Pan
Xin-yu Liang
Rui-ling She
Chen-yu Ma
Kai-nan Wu
Ling-quan Kong
Survival comparison of breast conserving therapy and mastectomy with breast reconstruction for breast cancer using propensity score matched cohort
Scientific Reports
Breast cancer
Breast-conserving therapy
Mastectomy with breast reconstruction
Breast cancer-specific survival
Overall survival
Propensity score matching analysis
title Survival comparison of breast conserving therapy and mastectomy with breast reconstruction for breast cancer using propensity score matched cohort
title_full Survival comparison of breast conserving therapy and mastectomy with breast reconstruction for breast cancer using propensity score matched cohort
title_fullStr Survival comparison of breast conserving therapy and mastectomy with breast reconstruction for breast cancer using propensity score matched cohort
title_full_unstemmed Survival comparison of breast conserving therapy and mastectomy with breast reconstruction for breast cancer using propensity score matched cohort
title_short Survival comparison of breast conserving therapy and mastectomy with breast reconstruction for breast cancer using propensity score matched cohort
title_sort survival comparison of breast conserving therapy and mastectomy with breast reconstruction for breast cancer using propensity score matched cohort
topic Breast cancer
Breast-conserving therapy
Mastectomy with breast reconstruction
Breast cancer-specific survival
Overall survival
Propensity score matching analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16215-x
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