The Effect of Arable Land Management on the Reaction of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox): A Meta-Analysis
Soil anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) can eliminate reactive nitrogen (N) without generating nitrous oxide and is a key factor in N loss in agricultural ecosystems. Nevertheless, it remains unclear what determines the anammox rate and <i>hzs</i> gene abundance under various croplan...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/2/466 |
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| Summary: | Soil anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) can eliminate reactive nitrogen (N) without generating nitrous oxide and is a key factor in N loss in agricultural ecosystems. Nevertheless, it remains unclear what determines the anammox rate and <i>hzs</i> gene abundance under various cropland management. This study synthesized 100 observations to elucidate the effects of cropland management (including biochar, manure, straw amendment, and N fertilization) on the anammox rate and <i>hzs</i> gene abundance and the governing factors of anammox processes from cropland systems. Our meta-analysis revealed that biochar addition significantly increased the anammox rate by 415%, while manure and N fertilization enhanced the anammox rate by 107% and 60%, respectively. The <i>hzs</i> gene abundance was increased by 240% and 68% under biochar amendment and N fertilization, respectively. Furthermore, biochar increased the anammox rate during the long-term duration (>10 years) at low N application rates and enhanced <i>hzs</i> gene abundance in acidic soil due to increased soil pH. For manure amendment and N fertilization, the anammox rate was significantly promoted in warm, wet climates with lower C/N and higher NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N content. The <i>hzs</i> gene abundance was enhanced in wetter environments (high MAP and aridity index) combined with higher NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N content. This study highlights that alkaline, humid, warm environments, lower C/N, and higher NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N play important roles in determining anammox rate and related bacterial activity. This study provides a new insight into understanding and potentially managing the effects of anammox in cropland cultivation. |
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| ISSN: | 2073-4395 |