Impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on mortality risk, ICU admission rate, and hospitalization length in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been crucial in impeding virus spread and preventing fatal complications. Despite growing evidence of vaccine efficacy, data on its impact on hospitalized patients remain limited. We aimed to estimate the risk of mortality, ICU admission, and ho...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10530-4 |
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| author | Behnam Maleki Amir M. Sadeghian Mitra Ranjbar |
| author_facet | Behnam Maleki Amir M. Sadeghian Mitra Ranjbar |
| author_sort | Behnam Maleki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been crucial in impeding virus spread and preventing fatal complications. Despite growing evidence of vaccine efficacy, data on its impact on hospitalized patients remain limited. We aimed to estimate the risk of mortality, ICU admission, and hospitalization length among hospitalized COVID-19 patients based on vaccination status. Methods In this single-center cross-sectional study, we included patients above 16 years old hospitalized due to COVID-19. Patients were categorized as unvaccinated, partially vaccinated (single dose), or fully vaccinated (at least one booster dose). We performed logistic and linear regression analyses, including both bivariable and multivariable models, to evaluate the association between vaccination status, demographic characteristics, and study outcomes. Results Of 299 participants, 21.7%, 15.7%, and 62.5% were unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, and fully vaccinated, respectively. Full vaccination was associated with significantly reduced mortality risk (OR: 0.235, 95%CI: 0.103–0.538) and lower ICU admission rates (OR: 0.252, 95%CI: 0.131–0.484). Vaccinated patients had shorter hospital stays (fully vaccinated: 6.38 ± 1.65 days; unvaccinated: 9.22 ± 2.84 days, p < 0.001). Older age independently predicted higher mortality (OR: 1.062, 95%CI: 1.030–1.095), ICU admission (OR: 1.047, 95%CI: 1.027–1.068), and longer hospital stays (estimate: 0.027, 95%CI: 0.012–0.043). Multiple comorbidities were associated with higher mortality and longer hospitalization (OR: 1.794, 95%CI: 1.244–2.587; estimate: 0.395, 95%CI: 0.142–0.648). Conclusion Full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is associated with significantly improved clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, including reduced mortality, lower ICU admission rates, and shorter hospital stays. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4f065ed8d0134ff695775d87db46511b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-4f065ed8d0134ff695775d87db46511b2025-02-02T12:10:38ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-01-012511810.1186/s12879-025-10530-4Impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on mortality risk, ICU admission rate, and hospitalization length in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional studyBehnam Maleki0Amir M. Sadeghian1Mitra Ranjbar2School of Medicine, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical SciencesSchool of Medicine, Iran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been crucial in impeding virus spread and preventing fatal complications. Despite growing evidence of vaccine efficacy, data on its impact on hospitalized patients remain limited. We aimed to estimate the risk of mortality, ICU admission, and hospitalization length among hospitalized COVID-19 patients based on vaccination status. Methods In this single-center cross-sectional study, we included patients above 16 years old hospitalized due to COVID-19. Patients were categorized as unvaccinated, partially vaccinated (single dose), or fully vaccinated (at least one booster dose). We performed logistic and linear regression analyses, including both bivariable and multivariable models, to evaluate the association between vaccination status, demographic characteristics, and study outcomes. Results Of 299 participants, 21.7%, 15.7%, and 62.5% were unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, and fully vaccinated, respectively. Full vaccination was associated with significantly reduced mortality risk (OR: 0.235, 95%CI: 0.103–0.538) and lower ICU admission rates (OR: 0.252, 95%CI: 0.131–0.484). Vaccinated patients had shorter hospital stays (fully vaccinated: 6.38 ± 1.65 days; unvaccinated: 9.22 ± 2.84 days, p < 0.001). Older age independently predicted higher mortality (OR: 1.062, 95%CI: 1.030–1.095), ICU admission (OR: 1.047, 95%CI: 1.027–1.068), and longer hospital stays (estimate: 0.027, 95%CI: 0.012–0.043). Multiple comorbidities were associated with higher mortality and longer hospitalization (OR: 1.794, 95%CI: 1.244–2.587; estimate: 0.395, 95%CI: 0.142–0.648). Conclusion Full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is associated with significantly improved clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, including reduced mortality, lower ICU admission rates, and shorter hospital stays.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10530-4COVID-19SARS-CoV-2VaccineHospital MortalityHospitalizationIntensive Care Unit |
| spellingShingle | Behnam Maleki Amir M. Sadeghian Mitra Ranjbar Impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on mortality risk, ICU admission rate, and hospitalization length in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study BMC Infectious Diseases COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Hospital Mortality Hospitalization Intensive Care Unit |
| title | Impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on mortality risk, ICU admission rate, and hospitalization length in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on mortality risk, ICU admission rate, and hospitalization length in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on mortality risk, ICU admission rate, and hospitalization length in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on mortality risk, ICU admission rate, and hospitalization length in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on mortality risk, ICU admission rate, and hospitalization length in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | impact of vaccination against sars cov 2 on mortality risk icu admission rate and hospitalization length in hospitalized covid 19 patients a cross sectional study |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Hospital Mortality Hospitalization Intensive Care Unit |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10530-4 |
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