KACFormer: A Novel Domain Generalization Model for Cross-Individual Bearing Fault Diagnosis

Fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have been widely applied to bearing fault diagnosis. However, current methods usually diagnose on the same individual device, which cannot guarantee reliability in real industrial scenarios, especially for new individual devices. This article explores a...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shimin Shu, Muchen Xu, Peifeng Liu, Peize Yang, Tianyi Wu, Jie Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7932
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849406626481569792
author Shimin Shu
Muchen Xu
Peifeng Liu
Peize Yang
Tianyi Wu
Jie Yang
author_facet Shimin Shu
Muchen Xu
Peifeng Liu
Peize Yang
Tianyi Wu
Jie Yang
author_sort Shimin Shu
collection DOAJ
description Fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have been widely applied to bearing fault diagnosis. However, current methods usually diagnose on the same individual device, which cannot guarantee reliability in real industrial scenarios, especially for new individual devices. This article explores a practical cross-individual scenario and proposes a Kolmogorov–Arnold enhanced convolutional transformer (KACFormer) model to improve both general feature representation and cross-individual capabilities. Specifically, the Kolmogorov–Arnold representation theorem is embedded into convolution and multi-head attention mechanisms to develop novel Kolmogorov–Arnold enhanced convolution (KAConv) and Kolmogorov–Arnold enhanced attention (KAA). The adaptive activation function enhances its nonlinear modeling ability. Comprehensive experiments are performed on two public datasets, demonstrating the superior generalization of the proposed KACFormer model with a higher accuracy of 95.73% and 91.58% compared to existing advanced models.
format Article
id doaj-art-4eec646570a04f2bb13ccfeb928b76d2
institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-4eec646570a04f2bb13ccfeb928b76d22025-08-20T03:36:19ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011514793210.3390/app15147932KACFormer: A Novel Domain Generalization Model for Cross-Individual Bearing Fault DiagnosisShimin Shu0Muchen Xu1Peifeng Liu2Peize Yang3Tianyi Wu4Jie Yang5School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaFault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have been widely applied to bearing fault diagnosis. However, current methods usually diagnose on the same individual device, which cannot guarantee reliability in real industrial scenarios, especially for new individual devices. This article explores a practical cross-individual scenario and proposes a Kolmogorov–Arnold enhanced convolutional transformer (KACFormer) model to improve both general feature representation and cross-individual capabilities. Specifically, the Kolmogorov–Arnold representation theorem is embedded into convolution and multi-head attention mechanisms to develop novel Kolmogorov–Arnold enhanced convolution (KAConv) and Kolmogorov–Arnold enhanced attention (KAA). The adaptive activation function enhances its nonlinear modeling ability. Comprehensive experiments are performed on two public datasets, demonstrating the superior generalization of the proposed KACFormer model with a higher accuracy of 95.73% and 91.58% compared to existing advanced models.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7932bearingfault diagnosistransformercross-individualKolmogorov–Arnold
spellingShingle Shimin Shu
Muchen Xu
Peifeng Liu
Peize Yang
Tianyi Wu
Jie Yang
KACFormer: A Novel Domain Generalization Model for Cross-Individual Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Applied Sciences
bearing
fault diagnosis
transformer
cross-individual
Kolmogorov–Arnold
title KACFormer: A Novel Domain Generalization Model for Cross-Individual Bearing Fault Diagnosis
title_full KACFormer: A Novel Domain Generalization Model for Cross-Individual Bearing Fault Diagnosis
title_fullStr KACFormer: A Novel Domain Generalization Model for Cross-Individual Bearing Fault Diagnosis
title_full_unstemmed KACFormer: A Novel Domain Generalization Model for Cross-Individual Bearing Fault Diagnosis
title_short KACFormer: A Novel Domain Generalization Model for Cross-Individual Bearing Fault Diagnosis
title_sort kacformer a novel domain generalization model for cross individual bearing fault diagnosis
topic bearing
fault diagnosis
transformer
cross-individual
Kolmogorov–Arnold
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7932
work_keys_str_mv AT shiminshu kacformeranoveldomaingeneralizationmodelforcrossindividualbearingfaultdiagnosis
AT muchenxu kacformeranoveldomaingeneralizationmodelforcrossindividualbearingfaultdiagnosis
AT peifengliu kacformeranoveldomaingeneralizationmodelforcrossindividualbearingfaultdiagnosis
AT peizeyang kacformeranoveldomaingeneralizationmodelforcrossindividualbearingfaultdiagnosis
AT tianyiwu kacformeranoveldomaingeneralizationmodelforcrossindividualbearingfaultdiagnosis
AT jieyang kacformeranoveldomaingeneralizationmodelforcrossindividualbearingfaultdiagnosis