The influence of light and heavy training weeks on the cortisol and testosterone awakening responses of elite male judokas: is skeletal muscle damage a mediating factor?
In sport, the awakening responses of cortisol (CAR) and testosterone (TAR) have been used as evaluative tools. Research findings are, however, inconsistent and the mechanisms involved are unclear. This study investigated the CAR and TAR in male athletes across light and heavy training weeks, focusin...
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| Language: | English |
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Termedia Publishing House
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Biology of Sport |
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| Online Access: | https://www.termedia.pl/The-influence-of-light-and-heavy-training-weeks-on-the-cortisol-r-nand-testosterone-awakening-responses-of-elite-male-judokas-r-nis-skeletal-muscle-damage-a-mediating-factor-,78,52397,1,1.html |
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| author | Blair T. Crewther Benjamin G. Serpell Christian J. Cook Zbigniew Obmiński |
| author_facet | Blair T. Crewther Benjamin G. Serpell Christian J. Cook Zbigniew Obmiński |
| author_sort | Blair T. Crewther |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In sport, the awakening responses of cortisol (CAR) and testosterone (TAR) have been used as evaluative tools. Research findings are, however, inconsistent and the mechanisms involved are unclear. This study investigated the CAR and TAR in male athletes across light and heavy training weeks, focusing on skeletal muscle damage as a mediating factor. Twenty elite male judokas were assessed across consecutive weeks of light and heavy training (i.e., 6 days, 9–10 weekly sessions). Plasma cortisol and testosterone concentrations were measured post-awakening (+3, +30, +60 mins), along with creatine kinase (CK) at +3 mins. The CAR and TAR were indexed by baseline-corrected change scores (Δb30, Δb60) and area under the curve (AUCb30, AUCb60). The early-morning surge in plasma cortisol concentration (CAR Δb30 , CAR Δb60 , CAR AUCb30 , CAR AUCb60 ) was significantly larger after light versus heavy training with effect-size differences of 2.14–2.64. The post-awakening decline in plasma testosterone (TAR Δb30 , TAR AUCb30 , TAR AUCb60 ) was found to be significantly less pronounced, whilst CK level was elevated, after heavy than light training with effect-size differences of 0.95–1.04 and 4.70, respectively. Causal mediation analysis confirmed that CK mediated, in part, the training effect on the CAR, but not TAR, measures. In summary, male judokas, upon rising after a light training block, displayed a rising CAR (36%, 22%) and declining TAR (-11%, -15%) at +30 and +60 mins. A high-intensity training block suppressed the CAR (21%, 8%) and attenuated the TAR (-7%, -13%) with accompanying muscle damage offering one mechanism to partly explain the CAR differences. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4ec7e4093439420d8e119ed8cd67cf4a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0860-021X 2083-1862 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Termedia Publishing House |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology of Sport |
| spelling | doaj-art-4ec7e4093439420d8e119ed8cd67cf4a2025-01-27T11:04:09ZengTermedia Publishing HouseBiology of Sport0860-021X2083-18622024-04-0141418719510.5114/biolsport.2024.13541552397The influence of light and heavy training weeks on the cortisol and testosterone awakening responses of elite male judokas: is skeletal muscle damage a mediating factor?Blair T. CrewtherBenjamin G. SerpellChristian J. CookZbigniew ObmińskiIn sport, the awakening responses of cortisol (CAR) and testosterone (TAR) have been used as evaluative tools. Research findings are, however, inconsistent and the mechanisms involved are unclear. This study investigated the CAR and TAR in male athletes across light and heavy training weeks, focusing on skeletal muscle damage as a mediating factor. Twenty elite male judokas were assessed across consecutive weeks of light and heavy training (i.e., 6 days, 9–10 weekly sessions). Plasma cortisol and testosterone concentrations were measured post-awakening (+3, +30, +60 mins), along with creatine kinase (CK) at +3 mins. The CAR and TAR were indexed by baseline-corrected change scores (Δb30, Δb60) and area under the curve (AUCb30, AUCb60). The early-morning surge in plasma cortisol concentration (CAR Δb30 , CAR Δb60 , CAR AUCb30 , CAR AUCb60 ) was significantly larger after light versus heavy training with effect-size differences of 2.14–2.64. The post-awakening decline in plasma testosterone (TAR Δb30 , TAR AUCb30 , TAR AUCb60 ) was found to be significantly less pronounced, whilst CK level was elevated, after heavy than light training with effect-size differences of 0.95–1.04 and 4.70, respectively. Causal mediation analysis confirmed that CK mediated, in part, the training effect on the CAR, but not TAR, measures. In summary, male judokas, upon rising after a light training block, displayed a rising CAR (36%, 22%) and declining TAR (-11%, -15%) at +30 and +60 mins. A high-intensity training block suppressed the CAR (21%, 8%) and attenuated the TAR (-7%, -13%) with accompanying muscle damage offering one mechanism to partly explain the CAR differences.https://www.termedia.pl/The-influence-of-light-and-heavy-training-weeks-on-the-cortisol-r-nand-testosterone-awakening-responses-of-elite-male-judokas-r-nis-skeletal-muscle-damage-a-mediating-factor-,78,52397,1,1.htmlstress adaptability recovery combat sport physical performance hpg hpa |
| spellingShingle | Blair T. Crewther Benjamin G. Serpell Christian J. Cook Zbigniew Obmiński The influence of light and heavy training weeks on the cortisol and testosterone awakening responses of elite male judokas: is skeletal muscle damage a mediating factor? Biology of Sport stress adaptability recovery combat sport physical performance hpg hpa |
| title | The influence of light and heavy training weeks on the cortisol
and testosterone awakening responses of elite male judokas:
is skeletal muscle damage a mediating factor? |
| title_full | The influence of light and heavy training weeks on the cortisol
and testosterone awakening responses of elite male judokas:
is skeletal muscle damage a mediating factor? |
| title_fullStr | The influence of light and heavy training weeks on the cortisol
and testosterone awakening responses of elite male judokas:
is skeletal muscle damage a mediating factor? |
| title_full_unstemmed | The influence of light and heavy training weeks on the cortisol
and testosterone awakening responses of elite male judokas:
is skeletal muscle damage a mediating factor? |
| title_short | The influence of light and heavy training weeks on the cortisol
and testosterone awakening responses of elite male judokas:
is skeletal muscle damage a mediating factor? |
| title_sort | influence of light and heavy training weeks on the cortisol and testosterone awakening responses of elite male judokas is skeletal muscle damage a mediating factor |
| topic | stress adaptability recovery combat sport physical performance hpg hpa |
| url | https://www.termedia.pl/The-influence-of-light-and-heavy-training-weeks-on-the-cortisol-r-nand-testosterone-awakening-responses-of-elite-male-judokas-r-nis-skeletal-muscle-damage-a-mediating-factor-,78,52397,1,1.html |
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