Deterministic Trajectory Design and Attitude Maneuvers of Gradient-Index Solar Sail in Interplanetary Transfers

A refractive sail is a special type of solar sail concept, whose membrane exposed to the Sun’s rays is covered with an advanced engineered film made of micro-prisms. Unlike the well-known reflective solar sail, an ideally flat refractive sail is able to generate a nonzero thrust component along the...

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Main Authors: Marco Bassetto, Giovanni Mengali, Alessandro A. Quarta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/22/10463
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author Marco Bassetto
Giovanni Mengali
Alessandro A. Quarta
author_facet Marco Bassetto
Giovanni Mengali
Alessandro A. Quarta
author_sort Marco Bassetto
collection DOAJ
description A refractive sail is a special type of solar sail concept, whose membrane exposed to the Sun’s rays is covered with an advanced engineered film made of micro-prisms. Unlike the well-known reflective solar sail, an ideally flat refractive sail is able to generate a nonzero thrust component along the sail’s nominal plane even when the Sun’s rays strike that plane perpendicularly, that is, when the solar sail attitude is Sun-facing. This particular property of the refractive sail allows heliocentric orbital transfers between orbits with different values of the semilatus rectum while maintaining a Sun-facing attitude throughout the duration of the flight. In this case, the sail control is achieved by rotating the structure around the Sun–spacecraft line, thus reducing the size of the control vector to a single (scalar) parameter. A gradient-index solar sail (GIS) is a special type of refractive sail, in which the membrane film design is optimized though a transformation optics-based method. In this case, the membrane film is designed to achieve a desired refractive index distribution with the aid of a waveguide array to increase the sail efficiency. This paper analyzes the optimal transfer performance of a GIS with a Sun-facing attitude (SFGIS) in a series of typical heliocentric mission scenarios. In addition, this paper studies the attitude control of the Sun-facing GIS using a simplified mathematical model, in order to investigate the effective ability of the solar sail to follow the (optimal) variation law of the rotation angle around the radial direction.
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spelling doaj-art-4e7b407d59bc4e93955aa143d720b59e2025-08-20T02:07:57ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-11-0114221046310.3390/app142210463Deterministic Trajectory Design and Attitude Maneuvers of Gradient-Index Solar Sail in Interplanetary TransfersMarco Bassetto0Giovanni Mengali1Alessandro A. Quarta2Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, ItalyA refractive sail is a special type of solar sail concept, whose membrane exposed to the Sun’s rays is covered with an advanced engineered film made of micro-prisms. Unlike the well-known reflective solar sail, an ideally flat refractive sail is able to generate a nonzero thrust component along the sail’s nominal plane even when the Sun’s rays strike that plane perpendicularly, that is, when the solar sail attitude is Sun-facing. This particular property of the refractive sail allows heliocentric orbital transfers between orbits with different values of the semilatus rectum while maintaining a Sun-facing attitude throughout the duration of the flight. In this case, the sail control is achieved by rotating the structure around the Sun–spacecraft line, thus reducing the size of the control vector to a single (scalar) parameter. A gradient-index solar sail (GIS) is a special type of refractive sail, in which the membrane film design is optimized though a transformation optics-based method. In this case, the membrane film is designed to achieve a desired refractive index distribution with the aid of a waveguide array to increase the sail efficiency. This paper analyzes the optimal transfer performance of a GIS with a Sun-facing attitude (SFGIS) in a series of typical heliocentric mission scenarios. In addition, this paper studies the attitude control of the Sun-facing GIS using a simplified mathematical model, in order to investigate the effective ability of the solar sail to follow the (optimal) variation law of the rotation angle around the radial direction.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/22/10463refractive sailinterplanetary trajectoriestrajectory optimizationsail attitude maneuvers
spellingShingle Marco Bassetto
Giovanni Mengali
Alessandro A. Quarta
Deterministic Trajectory Design and Attitude Maneuvers of Gradient-Index Solar Sail in Interplanetary Transfers
Applied Sciences
refractive sail
interplanetary trajectories
trajectory optimization
sail attitude maneuvers
title Deterministic Trajectory Design and Attitude Maneuvers of Gradient-Index Solar Sail in Interplanetary Transfers
title_full Deterministic Trajectory Design and Attitude Maneuvers of Gradient-Index Solar Sail in Interplanetary Transfers
title_fullStr Deterministic Trajectory Design and Attitude Maneuvers of Gradient-Index Solar Sail in Interplanetary Transfers
title_full_unstemmed Deterministic Trajectory Design and Attitude Maneuvers of Gradient-Index Solar Sail in Interplanetary Transfers
title_short Deterministic Trajectory Design and Attitude Maneuvers of Gradient-Index Solar Sail in Interplanetary Transfers
title_sort deterministic trajectory design and attitude maneuvers of gradient index solar sail in interplanetary transfers
topic refractive sail
interplanetary trajectories
trajectory optimization
sail attitude maneuvers
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/22/10463
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AT giovannimengali deterministictrajectorydesignandattitudemaneuversofgradientindexsolarsailininterplanetarytransfers
AT alessandroaquarta deterministictrajectorydesignandattitudemaneuversofgradientindexsolarsailininterplanetarytransfers