The evolution of outpatient dispensing services in Thailand’s hospitals: what has been done and where are we heading?

Background Outpatient pharmacy dispensing services in Thailand require patients to fill prescriptions at hospital pharmacies for reimbursement.Objective This study explored hospital outpatient dispensing services in Thailand before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Characteristics of most fr...

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Main Authors: Trisak Chetsurakarn, Nattapong Khansai, Alisara Sangviroon Sujarit, Osot Nerapusee, Sanguan Lerkiatbundit, Puree Anantachoti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20523211.2025.2463438
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author Trisak Chetsurakarn
Nattapong Khansai
Alisara Sangviroon Sujarit
Osot Nerapusee
Sanguan Lerkiatbundit
Puree Anantachoti
author_facet Trisak Chetsurakarn
Nattapong Khansai
Alisara Sangviroon Sujarit
Osot Nerapusee
Sanguan Lerkiatbundit
Puree Anantachoti
author_sort Trisak Chetsurakarn
collection DOAJ
description Background Outpatient pharmacy dispensing services in Thailand require patients to fill prescriptions at hospital pharmacies for reimbursement.Objective This study explored hospital outpatient dispensing services in Thailand before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Characteristics of most frequently used alternative services were described. The study further explored the challenges and enablers associated with continuation of alternative hospital outpatient dispensing services.Methods This study utilised a telephone survey targeting management-level hospital pharmacists from various hospital types and sizes. A stratified random sample of 305 hospitals was drawn from 1,471 hospitals. Data was collected using a validated semi-structured interview questionnaire between June-October 2022. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used for data analysis.Results Data from 189 public hospitals were analysed. Before COVID-19, 38.6% of hospitals implemented at least one type of alternative outpatient dispensing service to reduce overcrowding and waiting times. During the pandemic, 97.4% of hospitals implemented alternative services with drug delivery service being most popular among large hospitals. Primary hospitals utilised other services such as subdistrict hospital network which better suited their contexts. Post-pandemic, many large-sized hospitals planned to continue drug delivery service. Enabling factors included reducing overcrowding and supporting patients, while challenges were workload and patient willingness to pay.Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has redefined outpatient dispensing services in Thailand, making drug delivery a new norm. Hospitals should evaluate current situations and adjust criteria and workflows to sustain these services.
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spelling doaj-art-4e6c4a4a052d4409a82f8f99abfbed462025-08-20T01:56:41ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice2052-32112025-12-0118110.1080/20523211.2025.2463438The evolution of outpatient dispensing services in Thailand’s hospitals: what has been done and where are we heading?Trisak Chetsurakarn0Nattapong Khansai1Alisara Sangviroon Sujarit2Osot Nerapusee3Sanguan Lerkiatbundit4Puree Anantachoti5Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, ThailandOutpatient Dispensing Unit, Pharmacy Department, Police General Hospital, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, ThailandDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Chulalongkorn University, ThailandDepartment of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, ThailandDepartment of Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, ThailandDepartment of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, ThailandBackground Outpatient pharmacy dispensing services in Thailand require patients to fill prescriptions at hospital pharmacies for reimbursement.Objective This study explored hospital outpatient dispensing services in Thailand before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Characteristics of most frequently used alternative services were described. The study further explored the challenges and enablers associated with continuation of alternative hospital outpatient dispensing services.Methods This study utilised a telephone survey targeting management-level hospital pharmacists from various hospital types and sizes. A stratified random sample of 305 hospitals was drawn from 1,471 hospitals. Data was collected using a validated semi-structured interview questionnaire between June-October 2022. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used for data analysis.Results Data from 189 public hospitals were analysed. Before COVID-19, 38.6% of hospitals implemented at least one type of alternative outpatient dispensing service to reduce overcrowding and waiting times. During the pandemic, 97.4% of hospitals implemented alternative services with drug delivery service being most popular among large hospitals. Primary hospitals utilised other services such as subdistrict hospital network which better suited their contexts. Post-pandemic, many large-sized hospitals planned to continue drug delivery service. Enabling factors included reducing overcrowding and supporting patients, while challenges were workload and patient willingness to pay.Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has redefined outpatient dispensing services in Thailand, making drug delivery a new norm. Hospitals should evaluate current situations and adjust criteria and workflows to sustain these services.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20523211.2025.2463438Dispensing servicealternative servicedrug deliveryprescription refillhospital-community pharmacy network
spellingShingle Trisak Chetsurakarn
Nattapong Khansai
Alisara Sangviroon Sujarit
Osot Nerapusee
Sanguan Lerkiatbundit
Puree Anantachoti
The evolution of outpatient dispensing services in Thailand’s hospitals: what has been done and where are we heading?
Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
Dispensing service
alternative service
drug delivery
prescription refill
hospital-community pharmacy network
title The evolution of outpatient dispensing services in Thailand’s hospitals: what has been done and where are we heading?
title_full The evolution of outpatient dispensing services in Thailand’s hospitals: what has been done and where are we heading?
title_fullStr The evolution of outpatient dispensing services in Thailand’s hospitals: what has been done and where are we heading?
title_full_unstemmed The evolution of outpatient dispensing services in Thailand’s hospitals: what has been done and where are we heading?
title_short The evolution of outpatient dispensing services in Thailand’s hospitals: what has been done and where are we heading?
title_sort evolution of outpatient dispensing services in thailand s hospitals what has been done and where are we heading
topic Dispensing service
alternative service
drug delivery
prescription refill
hospital-community pharmacy network
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20523211.2025.2463438
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