Sporadic‐E Layer Responses to Super Geomagnetic Storm 10–12 May 2024

Abstract Sporadic E (Es) layer plays a prominent role in revealing both upward and downward atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling process. This study investigates the responses of Es layers to the May 2024 super geomagnetic storm by using 37 ground‐based ionosondes distributed globally and space‐based COSM...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lihui Qiu, Huixin Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115154
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Summary:Abstract Sporadic E (Es) layer plays a prominent role in revealing both upward and downward atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling process. This study investigates the responses of Es layers to the May 2024 super geomagnetic storm by using 37 ground‐based ionosondes distributed globally and space‐based COSMIC‐2 radio occultation observations. The results show that Es layers were significantly enhanced during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storm. In addition, the enhanced Es layers mainly occurred over Southeast Asia, Australia, the South Pacific and the East Pacific. The temporal evolution of foEs disturbances over the Asian‐Australian sector clearly shows the “wave propagation” characteristics from high to low latitudes, indicating that the enhancements of the Es layers are most likely caused by the disturbed neutral winds in the E region. This study presents observational evidence for the downward impacts of the geomagnetic storm on the E‐region ionosphere.
ISSN:0094-8276
1944-8007