17β-Estradiol Promotes Tumorigenicity Through an Autocrine AREG/EGFR Loop in ER-α-Positive Breast Cancer Cells

We previously reported that the level of EGFR expression is directly associated with the survival rate of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. Here, we investigated how ER activation by 17β-estradiol (E2), the most potent form of estrogen, affects the expression or activity of EG...

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Main Authors: Sun Young Yoon, Yisun Jeong, Jai Min Ryu, Se Kyung Lee, Byung Joo Chae, Jonghan Yu, Seok Won Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Sangmin Kim, Jeong Eon Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Cells
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/10/703
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author Sun Young Yoon
Yisun Jeong
Jai Min Ryu
Se Kyung Lee
Byung Joo Chae
Jonghan Yu
Seok Won Kim
Seok Jin Nam
Sangmin Kim
Jeong Eon Lee
author_facet Sun Young Yoon
Yisun Jeong
Jai Min Ryu
Se Kyung Lee
Byung Joo Chae
Jonghan Yu
Seok Won Kim
Seok Jin Nam
Sangmin Kim
Jeong Eon Lee
author_sort Sun Young Yoon
collection DOAJ
description We previously reported that the level of EGFR expression is directly associated with the survival rate of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. Here, we investigated how ER activation by 17β-estradiol (E2), the most potent form of estrogen, affects the expression or activity of EGFR or EGFR-related genes in ER+ breast cancer cells. As expected, E2 enhanced cell proliferation, the induction of S phase, and tumor growth in ER+ breast cancer models. E2 also increased the expression of secretory proteins, including amphiregulin (AREG), angiogenin, artemin, and CXCL16. We focused on AREG, which is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The levels of AREG expression were positively correlated with ESR1 expression. Our results also showed higher AREG mRNA expression levels in ER+ breast cancer cells than in ER- breast cancer cells. We treated ER+ breast cancer cells with lapatinib to inhibit the AREG/EGFR signaling pathway and then completely inhibited E2-induced cell proliferation and S-phase induction. Similar to the lapatinib treatment, cell proliferation, S-phase induction, cell migration, and tumor growth were suppressed by AREG knockdown. Taken together, we demonstrated that the induction of AREG by E2 contributes to EGFR activation, which then affects cell proliferation and tumor growth. Therefore, we suggest that AREG acts as an intermediary between EGFR and ER and targeting both ERs and EGFRs through combination therapy could prevent tumor progression in EGFR+ ER+ breast cancer patients.
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spelling doaj-art-4e0da8d657c04dbc8aa3df75a9f652622025-08-20T03:47:53ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-05-01141070310.3390/cells1410070317β-Estradiol Promotes Tumorigenicity Through an Autocrine AREG/EGFR Loop in ER-α-Positive Breast Cancer CellsSun Young Yoon0Yisun Jeong1Jai Min Ryu2Se Kyung Lee3Byung Joo Chae4Jonghan Yu5Seok Won Kim6Seok Jin Nam7Sangmin Kim8Jeong Eon Lee9Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of KoreaWe previously reported that the level of EGFR expression is directly associated with the survival rate of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. Here, we investigated how ER activation by 17β-estradiol (E2), the most potent form of estrogen, affects the expression or activity of EGFR or EGFR-related genes in ER+ breast cancer cells. As expected, E2 enhanced cell proliferation, the induction of S phase, and tumor growth in ER+ breast cancer models. E2 also increased the expression of secretory proteins, including amphiregulin (AREG), angiogenin, artemin, and CXCL16. We focused on AREG, which is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The levels of AREG expression were positively correlated with ESR1 expression. Our results also showed higher AREG mRNA expression levels in ER+ breast cancer cells than in ER- breast cancer cells. We treated ER+ breast cancer cells with lapatinib to inhibit the AREG/EGFR signaling pathway and then completely inhibited E2-induced cell proliferation and S-phase induction. Similar to the lapatinib treatment, cell proliferation, S-phase induction, cell migration, and tumor growth were suppressed by AREG knockdown. Taken together, we demonstrated that the induction of AREG by E2 contributes to EGFR activation, which then affects cell proliferation and tumor growth. Therefore, we suggest that AREG acts as an intermediary between EGFR and ER and targeting both ERs and EGFRs through combination therapy could prevent tumor progression in EGFR+ ER+ breast cancer patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/10/703AREGEGFRERprognosistargeted therapy
spellingShingle Sun Young Yoon
Yisun Jeong
Jai Min Ryu
Se Kyung Lee
Byung Joo Chae
Jonghan Yu
Seok Won Kim
Seok Jin Nam
Sangmin Kim
Jeong Eon Lee
17β-Estradiol Promotes Tumorigenicity Through an Autocrine AREG/EGFR Loop in ER-α-Positive Breast Cancer Cells
Cells
AREG
EGFR
ER
prognosis
targeted therapy
title 17β-Estradiol Promotes Tumorigenicity Through an Autocrine AREG/EGFR Loop in ER-α-Positive Breast Cancer Cells
title_full 17β-Estradiol Promotes Tumorigenicity Through an Autocrine AREG/EGFR Loop in ER-α-Positive Breast Cancer Cells
title_fullStr 17β-Estradiol Promotes Tumorigenicity Through an Autocrine AREG/EGFR Loop in ER-α-Positive Breast Cancer Cells
title_full_unstemmed 17β-Estradiol Promotes Tumorigenicity Through an Autocrine AREG/EGFR Loop in ER-α-Positive Breast Cancer Cells
title_short 17β-Estradiol Promotes Tumorigenicity Through an Autocrine AREG/EGFR Loop in ER-α-Positive Breast Cancer Cells
title_sort 17β estradiol promotes tumorigenicity through an autocrine areg egfr loop in er α positive breast cancer cells
topic AREG
EGFR
ER
prognosis
targeted therapy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/10/703
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