New insights into the stipitate hydnoid fungi Sarcodon, Hydnellum, and the formerly informally defined Neosarcodon, with emphasis on the edible species marketed in Southwest China
Abstract Sarcodon and Hydnellum are two ectomycorrhizal genera of important ecological and economic value in Southwest China, and they are common in the free markets in this region. It was estimated that more than 1,500 tonnes of them were sold as edible per year, but there was little information ab...
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BMC
2024-03-01
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| Series: | IMA Fungus |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-023-00138-1 |
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| author | Di Wang Hui Feng Jie Zhou Tian-Hai Liu Zhi-Yuan Zhang Ying-Yin Xu Jie Tang Wei-Hong Peng Xiao-Lan He |
| author_facet | Di Wang Hui Feng Jie Zhou Tian-Hai Liu Zhi-Yuan Zhang Ying-Yin Xu Jie Tang Wei-Hong Peng Xiao-Lan He |
| author_sort | Di Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Sarcodon and Hydnellum are two ectomycorrhizal genera of important ecological and economic value in Southwest China, and they are common in the free markets in this region. It was estimated that more than 1,500 tonnes of them were sold as edible per year, but there was little information about the taxonomic placements of these edible mushrooms sold in the markets. Traditional concepts of the two genera have also been challenged recently, and circumscription of Sarcodon and the informally defined clade “Neosarcodon” remained unresolved. In the present study, specimens collected in the field and purchased from the markets in Southwest China were analyzed based on morphological characters and DNA sequences. Phylogeny of the traditional Sarcodon s. lat. and Hydnellum s. lat. was reconstructed from the combined internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large ribosomal subunit (nLSU) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) dataset based on expanded samples to reevaluate the taxonomic placements of the two genera. In the present molecular analyses, four distinct clades were recovered and strongly supported: Hydnellum, Neosarcodon, Phellodon and Sarcodon. Neosarcodon is formally introduced as a generic name to include nine species previously placed in Sarcodon, and the delimitation of Sarcodon is revised based on phylogenetic and morphological studies. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed an unexpected species diversity (17 phylogenetic species) of Sarcodon and Hydnellum in the markets; nine phylogenetic species of Sarcodon and eight of Hydnellum were uncovered from the samples collected in the markets. Eight species were resolved in the traditional S. imbricatus complex, with S. imbricatus s.str. being the most common edible stipitate hydnoid fungal species. Three of the edible Hydnellum species (H. edulium, H. subalpinum, and H. subscabrosellum), and five separated from the S. imbricatus complex (Sarcodon flavidus, S. giganteus, S. neosquamosus, S. nigrosquamosus, and S. pseudoimbricatus), are described as new. Three new Chinese records (H. illudens, H. martioflavum, and H. versipelle), and the notable S. imbricatus and S. leucopus are also reported. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4dfdb4d68ded4702a64c097d021bd03d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2210-6359 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | IMA Fungus |
| spelling | doaj-art-4dfdb4d68ded4702a64c097d021bd03d2025-02-03T03:23:49ZengBMCIMA Fungus2210-63592024-03-0115112110.1186/s43008-023-00138-1New insights into the stipitate hydnoid fungi Sarcodon, Hydnellum, and the formerly informally defined Neosarcodon, with emphasis on the edible species marketed in Southwest ChinaDi Wang0Hui Feng1Jie Zhou2Tian-Hai Liu3Zhi-Yuan Zhang4Ying-Yin Xu5Jie Tang6Wei-Hong Peng7Xiao-Lan He8Sichuan Institute of Edible FungiSichuan Institute of Edible FungiSichuan Institute of Edible FungiSichuan Institute of Edible FungiSichuan Institute of Edible FungiSichuan Institute of Edible FungiSichuan Institute of Edible FungiSichuan Institute of Edible FungiSichuan Institute of Edible FungiAbstract Sarcodon and Hydnellum are two ectomycorrhizal genera of important ecological and economic value in Southwest China, and they are common in the free markets in this region. It was estimated that more than 1,500 tonnes of them were sold as edible per year, but there was little information about the taxonomic placements of these edible mushrooms sold in the markets. Traditional concepts of the two genera have also been challenged recently, and circumscription of Sarcodon and the informally defined clade “Neosarcodon” remained unresolved. In the present study, specimens collected in the field and purchased from the markets in Southwest China were analyzed based on morphological characters and DNA sequences. Phylogeny of the traditional Sarcodon s. lat. and Hydnellum s. lat. was reconstructed from the combined internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large ribosomal subunit (nLSU) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) dataset based on expanded samples to reevaluate the taxonomic placements of the two genera. In the present molecular analyses, four distinct clades were recovered and strongly supported: Hydnellum, Neosarcodon, Phellodon and Sarcodon. Neosarcodon is formally introduced as a generic name to include nine species previously placed in Sarcodon, and the delimitation of Sarcodon is revised based on phylogenetic and morphological studies. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed an unexpected species diversity (17 phylogenetic species) of Sarcodon and Hydnellum in the markets; nine phylogenetic species of Sarcodon and eight of Hydnellum were uncovered from the samples collected in the markets. Eight species were resolved in the traditional S. imbricatus complex, with S. imbricatus s.str. being the most common edible stipitate hydnoid fungal species. Three of the edible Hydnellum species (H. edulium, H. subalpinum, and H. subscabrosellum), and five separated from the S. imbricatus complex (Sarcodon flavidus, S. giganteus, S. neosquamosus, S. nigrosquamosus, and S. pseudoimbricatus), are described as new. Three new Chinese records (H. illudens, H. martioflavum, and H. versipelle), and the notable S. imbricatus and S. leucopus are also reported.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-023-00138-1BankeraceaeCryptic speciesEctomycorrhizalEdible mushroomMarketsSarcodon imbricatus complex |
| spellingShingle | Di Wang Hui Feng Jie Zhou Tian-Hai Liu Zhi-Yuan Zhang Ying-Yin Xu Jie Tang Wei-Hong Peng Xiao-Lan He New insights into the stipitate hydnoid fungi Sarcodon, Hydnellum, and the formerly informally defined Neosarcodon, with emphasis on the edible species marketed in Southwest China IMA Fungus Bankeraceae Cryptic species Ectomycorrhizal Edible mushroom Markets Sarcodon imbricatus complex |
| title | New insights into the stipitate hydnoid fungi Sarcodon, Hydnellum, and the formerly informally defined Neosarcodon, with emphasis on the edible species marketed in Southwest China |
| title_full | New insights into the stipitate hydnoid fungi Sarcodon, Hydnellum, and the formerly informally defined Neosarcodon, with emphasis on the edible species marketed in Southwest China |
| title_fullStr | New insights into the stipitate hydnoid fungi Sarcodon, Hydnellum, and the formerly informally defined Neosarcodon, with emphasis on the edible species marketed in Southwest China |
| title_full_unstemmed | New insights into the stipitate hydnoid fungi Sarcodon, Hydnellum, and the formerly informally defined Neosarcodon, with emphasis on the edible species marketed in Southwest China |
| title_short | New insights into the stipitate hydnoid fungi Sarcodon, Hydnellum, and the formerly informally defined Neosarcodon, with emphasis on the edible species marketed in Southwest China |
| title_sort | new insights into the stipitate hydnoid fungi sarcodon hydnellum and the formerly informally defined neosarcodon with emphasis on the edible species marketed in southwest china |
| topic | Bankeraceae Cryptic species Ectomycorrhizal Edible mushroom Markets Sarcodon imbricatus complex |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-023-00138-1 |
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