Development of a Solar-Powered Edge Processing Perimeter Alert System with AI and LoRa/LoRaWAN Integration for Drone Detection and Enhanced Security
Edge processing is a trend in developing new technologies that leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) without transmitting large volumes of data to centralized processing services. This technique is particularly relevant for security applications where there is a need to reduce the probability of int...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Drones |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/1/43 |
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| author | Mateo Mejia-Herrera Juan Botero-Valencia José Ortega Ruber Hernández-García |
| author_facet | Mateo Mejia-Herrera Juan Botero-Valencia José Ortega Ruber Hernández-García |
| author_sort | Mateo Mejia-Herrera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Edge processing is a trend in developing new technologies that leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) without transmitting large volumes of data to centralized processing services. This technique is particularly relevant for security applications where there is a need to reduce the probability of intrusion or data breaches and to decentralize alert systems. Although drone detection has received great research attention, the ability to identify helicopters expands the spectrum of aerial threats that can be detected. In this work, we present the development of a perimeter alert system that integrates AI and multiple sensors processed at the edge. The proposed system can be integrated into a LoRa or LoRaWAN network powered by solar energy. The system incorporates a PDM microphone based on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE with a trained model to identify a drone or a UH-60 from an audio spectrogram to demonstrate its functionality. It is complemented by two PIR motion sensors and a microwave sensor with a range of up to 11 m. Additionally, the DC magnetic field is measured to identify possible sensor movements or changes caused by large bodies, and a configurable RGB light signal visually indicates motion or sound detection. The monitoring system communicates with a second MCU integrated with a LoRa or LoRaWAN communication module, enabling information transmission over distances of up to several kilometers. The system is powered by a LiPo battery, which is recharged using solar energy. The perimeter alert system offers numerous advantages, including edge processing for enhanced data privacy and reduced latency, integrating multiple sensors for increased accuracy, and a decentralized approach to improving security. Its compatibility with LoRa or LoRaWAN networks enables long-range communication, while solar-powered operation reduces environmental impact. These features position the perimeter alert system as a versatile and powerful solution for various applications, including border control, private property protection, and critical infrastructure monitoring. The evaluation results show notable progress in the acoustic detection of helicopters and drones under controlled conditions. Finally, all the original data presented in the study are openly available in an OSF repository. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4db099a6c40049a1879ce841f6010eb1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2504-446X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Drones |
| spelling | doaj-art-4db099a6c40049a1879ce841f6010eb12025-01-24T13:29:45ZengMDPI AGDrones2504-446X2025-01-01914310.3390/drones9010043Development of a Solar-Powered Edge Processing Perimeter Alert System with AI and LoRa/LoRaWAN Integration for Drone Detection and Enhanced SecurityMateo Mejia-Herrera0Juan Botero-Valencia1José Ortega2Ruber Hernández-García3Grupo Sistemas de Control y Robótica, Faculty of Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano–ITM, Calle 73 No. 76A-354, Medellin 054047, ColombiaGrupo Sistemas de Control y Robótica, Faculty of Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano–ITM, Calle 73 No. 76A-354, Medellin 054047, ColombiaCentro de Desarrollo Tecnológico Aeroespacial para la Defensa Fuerza Aérea Colombiana–CETAD, Comando Aéreo de Combate No. 5, Rionegro 111071, ColombiaLaboratory of Technological Research in Pattern Recognition–LITRP, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, ChileEdge processing is a trend in developing new technologies that leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) without transmitting large volumes of data to centralized processing services. This technique is particularly relevant for security applications where there is a need to reduce the probability of intrusion or data breaches and to decentralize alert systems. Although drone detection has received great research attention, the ability to identify helicopters expands the spectrum of aerial threats that can be detected. In this work, we present the development of a perimeter alert system that integrates AI and multiple sensors processed at the edge. The proposed system can be integrated into a LoRa or LoRaWAN network powered by solar energy. The system incorporates a PDM microphone based on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE with a trained model to identify a drone or a UH-60 from an audio spectrogram to demonstrate its functionality. It is complemented by two PIR motion sensors and a microwave sensor with a range of up to 11 m. Additionally, the DC magnetic field is measured to identify possible sensor movements or changes caused by large bodies, and a configurable RGB light signal visually indicates motion or sound detection. The monitoring system communicates with a second MCU integrated with a LoRa or LoRaWAN communication module, enabling information transmission over distances of up to several kilometers. The system is powered by a LiPo battery, which is recharged using solar energy. The perimeter alert system offers numerous advantages, including edge processing for enhanced data privacy and reduced latency, integrating multiple sensors for increased accuracy, and a decentralized approach to improving security. Its compatibility with LoRa or LoRaWAN networks enables long-range communication, while solar-powered operation reduces environmental impact. These features position the perimeter alert system as a versatile and powerful solution for various applications, including border control, private property protection, and critical infrastructure monitoring. The evaluation results show notable progress in the acoustic detection of helicopters and drones under controlled conditions. Finally, all the original data presented in the study are openly available in an OSF repository.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/1/43IoTdrone detectionaircraft detectionperimeter security |
| spellingShingle | Mateo Mejia-Herrera Juan Botero-Valencia José Ortega Ruber Hernández-García Development of a Solar-Powered Edge Processing Perimeter Alert System with AI and LoRa/LoRaWAN Integration for Drone Detection and Enhanced Security Drones IoT drone detection aircraft detection perimeter security |
| title | Development of a Solar-Powered Edge Processing Perimeter Alert System with AI and LoRa/LoRaWAN Integration for Drone Detection and Enhanced Security |
| title_full | Development of a Solar-Powered Edge Processing Perimeter Alert System with AI and LoRa/LoRaWAN Integration for Drone Detection and Enhanced Security |
| title_fullStr | Development of a Solar-Powered Edge Processing Perimeter Alert System with AI and LoRa/LoRaWAN Integration for Drone Detection and Enhanced Security |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a Solar-Powered Edge Processing Perimeter Alert System with AI and LoRa/LoRaWAN Integration for Drone Detection and Enhanced Security |
| title_short | Development of a Solar-Powered Edge Processing Perimeter Alert System with AI and LoRa/LoRaWAN Integration for Drone Detection and Enhanced Security |
| title_sort | development of a solar powered edge processing perimeter alert system with ai and lora lorawan integration for drone detection and enhanced security |
| topic | IoT drone detection aircraft detection perimeter security |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/1/43 |
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