Identifying Digital Markers of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a Remote Monitoring Setting: Prospective Observational Study
Abstract BackgroundThe symptoms and associated characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are typically assessed in person at a clinic or in a research lab. Mobile health offers a new approach to obtaining additional passively and continuously measured...
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| Format: | Article |
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JMIR Publications
2025-01-01
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| Series: | JMIR Formative Research |
| Online Access: | https://formative.jmir.org/2025/1/e54531 |
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| author | Heet Sankesara Hayley Denyer Shaoxiong Sun Qigang Deng Yatharth Ranjan Pauline Conde Zulqarnain Rashid Philip Asherson Andrea Bilbow Madeleine J Groom Chris Hollis Richard J B Dobson Amos Folarin Jonna Kuntsi |
| author_facet | Heet Sankesara Hayley Denyer Shaoxiong Sun Qigang Deng Yatharth Ranjan Pauline Conde Zulqarnain Rashid Philip Asherson Andrea Bilbow Madeleine J Groom Chris Hollis Richard J B Dobson Amos Folarin Jonna Kuntsi |
| author_sort | Heet Sankesara |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Abstract
BackgroundThe symptoms and associated characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are typically assessed in person at a clinic or in a research lab. Mobile health offers a new approach to obtaining additional passively and continuously measured real-world behavioral data. Using our new ADHD remote technology (ART) system, based on the Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapses (RADAR)–base platform, we explore novel digital markers for their potential to identify behavioral patterns associated with ADHD. The RADAR-base Passive App and wearable device collect sensor data in the background, while the Active App involves participants completing clinical symptom questionnaires.
ObjectiveThe main aim of this study was to investigate whether adults and adolescents with ADHD differ from individuals without ADHD on 10 digital signals that we hypothesize capture lapses in attention, restlessness, or impulsive behaviors.
MethodsWe collected data over 10 weeks from 20 individuals with ADHD and 20 comparison participants without ADHD between the ages of 16 and 39 years. We focus on features derived from (1) Active App (mean and SD of questionnaire notification response latency and of the time interval between questionnaires), (2) Passive App (daily mean and SD of response time to social and communication app notifications, the SD in ambient light during phone use, total phone use time, and total number of new apps added), and (3) a wearable device (Fitbit) (daily steps taken while active on the phone). Linear mixed models and td
ResultsGroup differences were significant for 5 of the 10 variables. The participants with ADHD were (1) slower (PdPdPdPdPdPPdPdPdPdPd
ConclusionsIn a novel exploration of digital markers of ADHD, we identified candidate digital signals of restlessness, inconsistent attention, and difficulties completing tasks. Larger future studies are needed to replicate these findings and to assess the potential of such objective digital signals for tracking ADHD severity or predicting outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4d9a6685e1e44975b408281d1829c10f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2561-326X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JMIR Formative Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-4d9a6685e1e44975b408281d1829c10f2025-02-05T21:31:33ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Formative Research2561-326X2025-01-019e54531e5453110.2196/54531Identifying Digital Markers of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a Remote Monitoring Setting: Prospective Observational StudyHeet Sankesarahttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-9126-5615Hayley Denyerhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-1942-7325Shaoxiong Sunhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3652-5266Qigang Denghttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-8257-191XYatharth Ranjanhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3079-3120Pauline Condehttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-0915Zulqarnain Rashidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-9920Philip Ashersonhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-2254Andrea Bilbowhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-4049Madeleine J Groomhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5182-518XChris Hollishttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-1083-6744Richard J B Dobsonhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-4224-9245Amos Folarinhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0333-1927Jonna Kuntsihttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0113-8162 Abstract BackgroundThe symptoms and associated characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are typically assessed in person at a clinic or in a research lab. Mobile health offers a new approach to obtaining additional passively and continuously measured real-world behavioral data. Using our new ADHD remote technology (ART) system, based on the Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapses (RADAR)–base platform, we explore novel digital markers for their potential to identify behavioral patterns associated with ADHD. The RADAR-base Passive App and wearable device collect sensor data in the background, while the Active App involves participants completing clinical symptom questionnaires. ObjectiveThe main aim of this study was to investigate whether adults and adolescents with ADHD differ from individuals without ADHD on 10 digital signals that we hypothesize capture lapses in attention, restlessness, or impulsive behaviors. MethodsWe collected data over 10 weeks from 20 individuals with ADHD and 20 comparison participants without ADHD between the ages of 16 and 39 years. We focus on features derived from (1) Active App (mean and SD of questionnaire notification response latency and of the time interval between questionnaires), (2) Passive App (daily mean and SD of response time to social and communication app notifications, the SD in ambient light during phone use, total phone use time, and total number of new apps added), and (3) a wearable device (Fitbit) (daily steps taken while active on the phone). Linear mixed models and td ResultsGroup differences were significant for 5 of the 10 variables. The participants with ADHD were (1) slower (PdPdPdPdPdPPdPdPdPdPd ConclusionsIn a novel exploration of digital markers of ADHD, we identified candidate digital signals of restlessness, inconsistent attention, and difficulties completing tasks. Larger future studies are needed to replicate these findings and to assess the potential of such objective digital signals for tracking ADHD severity or predicting outcomes.https://formative.jmir.org/2025/1/e54531 |
| spellingShingle | Heet Sankesara Hayley Denyer Shaoxiong Sun Qigang Deng Yatharth Ranjan Pauline Conde Zulqarnain Rashid Philip Asherson Andrea Bilbow Madeleine J Groom Chris Hollis Richard J B Dobson Amos Folarin Jonna Kuntsi Identifying Digital Markers of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a Remote Monitoring Setting: Prospective Observational Study JMIR Formative Research |
| title | Identifying Digital Markers of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a Remote Monitoring Setting: Prospective Observational Study |
| title_full | Identifying Digital Markers of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a Remote Monitoring Setting: Prospective Observational Study |
| title_fullStr | Identifying Digital Markers of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a Remote Monitoring Setting: Prospective Observational Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identifying Digital Markers of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a Remote Monitoring Setting: Prospective Observational Study |
| title_short | Identifying Digital Markers of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a Remote Monitoring Setting: Prospective Observational Study |
| title_sort | identifying digital markers of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd in a remote monitoring setting prospective observational study |
| url | https://formative.jmir.org/2025/1/e54531 |
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