Ability and utility of the Physician Well-Being Index to identify distress among Chinese physicians

Background Despite the high prevalence of mental stress among physicians, reliable screening tools are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the capability of the Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI) in identifying distress and adverse consequences among Chinese physicians.Methods This cross-sectional o...

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Main Authors: Zejun Li, Peng Pu, Min Wu, Xin Wang, Huixue Xu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Qijian Deng, Winson Fuzun Yang, Yueheng Liu, Qianjin Wang, Manyun Li, Yuzhu Hao, Li He, Yunfei Wang, Qiuxia Wu, Yi-Yuan Tang, Tieqiao Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Annals of Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2476042
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author Zejun Li
Peng Pu
Min Wu
Xin Wang
Huixue Xu
Xiaoyu Zhang
Qijian Deng
Winson Fuzun Yang
Yueheng Liu
Qianjin Wang
Manyun Li
Yuzhu Hao
Li He
Yunfei Wang
Qiuxia Wu
Yi-Yuan Tang
Tieqiao Liu
author_facet Zejun Li
Peng Pu
Min Wu
Xin Wang
Huixue Xu
Xiaoyu Zhang
Qijian Deng
Winson Fuzun Yang
Yueheng Liu
Qianjin Wang
Manyun Li
Yuzhu Hao
Li He
Yunfei Wang
Qiuxia Wu
Yi-Yuan Tang
Tieqiao Liu
author_sort Zejun Li
collection DOAJ
description Background Despite the high prevalence of mental stress among physicians, reliable screening tools are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the capability of the Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI) in identifying distress and adverse consequences among Chinese physicians.Methods This cross-sectional online survey recruited 2803 physicians from Southern Mainland China via snowball sampling between October and December 2020. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, the PWBI, mental distress (including quality of life [QOL], burnout, sleepiness, fatigue and suicidal ideation) and adverse outcomes (medical errors and turnover intention) were collected. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used for data analysis.Results Seven items of the PWBI (emotional exhaustion, depression, stress, poor mental and physical QOL, low work meaning and dissatisfaction with work-life integration) were independently associated with low QOL (all p < 0.05). Physicians with lower QOL were more likely to endorse each item (OR: 1.76-5.86) and less likely to have favourable index scores (all p < 0.001). Assuming a prevalence of 29.2% for low QOL, the PWBI could reduce the post-test probability to 6.9% or increase it to 70.8%. Physicians scoring ≥4 on the PWBI were at increased risk (likelihood ratio >1) for experiencing various mental distress, with sensitivity exceeding 80% in detecting burnout, depression, high stress and anxiety. Additionally, the PWBI score helped stratify physicians’ likelihood of reporting medical errors and turnover intention.Conclusions This study provides preliminary insights into the validity and utility of the 9-item PWBI as a screening tool for assessing distress and well-being among Chinese physicians, helping identify those at higher risk of medical errors or turnover. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited sample size.
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spelling doaj-art-4d891a9b640e497fabb6991a0a9d3c6f2025-08-20T03:05:33ZengTaylor & Francis GroupAnnals of Medicine0785-38901365-20602025-12-0157110.1080/07853890.2025.2476042Ability and utility of the Physician Well-Being Index to identify distress among Chinese physiciansZejun Li0Peng Pu1Min Wu2Xin Wang3Huixue Xu4Xiaoyu Zhang5Qijian Deng6Winson Fuzun Yang7Yueheng Liu8Qianjin Wang9Manyun Li10Yuzhu Hao11Li He12Yunfei Wang13Qiuxia Wu14Yi-Yuan Tang15Tieqiao Liu16Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, The Third People’s Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, Yunnan, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USADepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USADepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaBackground Despite the high prevalence of mental stress among physicians, reliable screening tools are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the capability of the Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI) in identifying distress and adverse consequences among Chinese physicians.Methods This cross-sectional online survey recruited 2803 physicians from Southern Mainland China via snowball sampling between October and December 2020. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, the PWBI, mental distress (including quality of life [QOL], burnout, sleepiness, fatigue and suicidal ideation) and adverse outcomes (medical errors and turnover intention) were collected. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used for data analysis.Results Seven items of the PWBI (emotional exhaustion, depression, stress, poor mental and physical QOL, low work meaning and dissatisfaction with work-life integration) were independently associated with low QOL (all p < 0.05). Physicians with lower QOL were more likely to endorse each item (OR: 1.76-5.86) and less likely to have favourable index scores (all p < 0.001). Assuming a prevalence of 29.2% for low QOL, the PWBI could reduce the post-test probability to 6.9% or increase it to 70.8%. Physicians scoring ≥4 on the PWBI were at increased risk (likelihood ratio >1) for experiencing various mental distress, with sensitivity exceeding 80% in detecting burnout, depression, high stress and anxiety. Additionally, the PWBI score helped stratify physicians’ likelihood of reporting medical errors and turnover intention.Conclusions This study provides preliminary insights into the validity and utility of the 9-item PWBI as a screening tool for assessing distress and well-being among Chinese physicians, helping identify those at higher risk of medical errors or turnover. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited sample size.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2476042Chinese physiciansPhysician Well-Being Indexmental distressquality of lifeturnover intention
spellingShingle Zejun Li
Peng Pu
Min Wu
Xin Wang
Huixue Xu
Xiaoyu Zhang
Qijian Deng
Winson Fuzun Yang
Yueheng Liu
Qianjin Wang
Manyun Li
Yuzhu Hao
Li He
Yunfei Wang
Qiuxia Wu
Yi-Yuan Tang
Tieqiao Liu
Ability and utility of the Physician Well-Being Index to identify distress among Chinese physicians
Annals of Medicine
Chinese physicians
Physician Well-Being Index
mental distress
quality of life
turnover intention
title Ability and utility of the Physician Well-Being Index to identify distress among Chinese physicians
title_full Ability and utility of the Physician Well-Being Index to identify distress among Chinese physicians
title_fullStr Ability and utility of the Physician Well-Being Index to identify distress among Chinese physicians
title_full_unstemmed Ability and utility of the Physician Well-Being Index to identify distress among Chinese physicians
title_short Ability and utility of the Physician Well-Being Index to identify distress among Chinese physicians
title_sort ability and utility of the physician well being index to identify distress among chinese physicians
topic Chinese physicians
Physician Well-Being Index
mental distress
quality of life
turnover intention
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2476042
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