Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as a Regulatory Protease Inhibitor Modulating Inflammation and Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a key serine protease inhibitor for regulating proteases such as neutrophil elastase. AAT restrains the pulmonary matrix from enzymatic degradation, and a deficiency in AAT leads to inflammatory tissue damage in the lungs, resulting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disea...
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| Language: | English |
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2025-01-01
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| author | Siyu Xiang Liu Yang Yun He Feng Ding Shuangying Qiao Zonghua Su Zheng Chen Aiping Lu Fangfei Li |
| author_facet | Siyu Xiang Liu Yang Yun He Feng Ding Shuangying Qiao Zonghua Su Zheng Chen Aiping Lu Fangfei Li |
| author_sort | Siyu Xiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a key serine protease inhibitor for regulating proteases such as neutrophil elastase. AAT restrains the pulmonary matrix from enzymatic degradation, and a deficiency in AAT leads to inflammatory tissue damage in the lungs, resulting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Due to the crucial biological function of AAT, the emerging research interest in this protein has shifted to its role in cancer-associated inflammation and the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment. However, the lack of comprehensive reviews in this field hinders our understanding of AAT as an essential immune modulator with great potential in cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, in this review, we have elucidated the pivotal roles of AAT in inflammation and the tumor microenvironment, including the structure and molecular properties of AAT, its molecular functions in the regulation of the inflammatory response and tumor microenvironment, and its clinical implications in cancer including its diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention. This review seeks to bridge the gap in the understanding of AAT between inflammatory diseases and cancer, and to foster deeper investigations into its translational potential in cancer immunotherapy in the future. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4d69de807d5f4738830d6fe2589d2542 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-4d69de807d5f4738830d6fe2589d25422025-01-24T13:26:38ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-01-011428810.3390/cells14020088Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as a Regulatory Protease Inhibitor Modulating Inflammation and Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment in CancerSiyu Xiang0Liu Yang1Yun He2Feng Ding3Shuangying Qiao4Zonghua Su5Zheng Chen6Aiping Lu7Fangfei Li8Shum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaShum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaShum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaShum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaShum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaShum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaShum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaShum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaShum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaAlpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a key serine protease inhibitor for regulating proteases such as neutrophil elastase. AAT restrains the pulmonary matrix from enzymatic degradation, and a deficiency in AAT leads to inflammatory tissue damage in the lungs, resulting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Due to the crucial biological function of AAT, the emerging research interest in this protein has shifted to its role in cancer-associated inflammation and the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment. However, the lack of comprehensive reviews in this field hinders our understanding of AAT as an essential immune modulator with great potential in cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, in this review, we have elucidated the pivotal roles of AAT in inflammation and the tumor microenvironment, including the structure and molecular properties of AAT, its molecular functions in the regulation of the inflammatory response and tumor microenvironment, and its clinical implications in cancer including its diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention. This review seeks to bridge the gap in the understanding of AAT between inflammatory diseases and cancer, and to foster deeper investigations into its translational potential in cancer immunotherapy in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/2/88<i>SERPINA1</i>alpha-1 antitrypsintumor microenvironmentinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Siyu Xiang Liu Yang Yun He Feng Ding Shuangying Qiao Zonghua Su Zheng Chen Aiping Lu Fangfei Li Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as a Regulatory Protease Inhibitor Modulating Inflammation and Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Cells <i>SERPINA1</i> alpha-1 antitrypsin tumor microenvironment inflammation |
| title | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as a Regulatory Protease Inhibitor Modulating Inflammation and Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer |
| title_full | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as a Regulatory Protease Inhibitor Modulating Inflammation and Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as a Regulatory Protease Inhibitor Modulating Inflammation and Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as a Regulatory Protease Inhibitor Modulating Inflammation and Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer |
| title_short | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as a Regulatory Protease Inhibitor Modulating Inflammation and Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer |
| title_sort | alpha 1 antitrypsin as a regulatory protease inhibitor modulating inflammation and shaping the tumor microenvironment in cancer |
| topic | <i>SERPINA1</i> alpha-1 antitrypsin tumor microenvironment inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/2/88 |
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