Demographic and Clinical Determinants of Tuberculosis and TB Recurrence: A Double-Edged Retrospective Study from Pakistan
Objective. TB recurrence is the second episode of TB after initial treatment bringing about an additional 7% load in TB burden intensified by 17.7% of multidrug-resistant recurrent cases. It is necessary to curb recurrence so that attempts to deal with active disease can be made more effective. This...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Tropical Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4408306 |
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| author | Mariam Ahmed Mujtaba Matthew Richardson Hira Shahzad Muhammad Ishaq Javed Ghazala Kaukab Raja Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq Pranabashis Haldar Sadia Saeed |
| author_facet | Mariam Ahmed Mujtaba Matthew Richardson Hira Shahzad Muhammad Ishaq Javed Ghazala Kaukab Raja Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq Pranabashis Haldar Sadia Saeed |
| author_sort | Mariam Ahmed Mujtaba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective. TB recurrence is the second episode of TB after initial treatment bringing about an additional 7% load in TB burden intensified by 17.7% of multidrug-resistant recurrent cases. It is necessary to curb recurrence so that attempts to deal with active disease can be made more effective. This study aimed to characterize sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with recurrent TB in a high-burden setting. Methodology. A retrospective case-control study was carried out at two hospitals in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. TB patients and controls were included in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by questionnaire from all subjects. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with TB and TB recurrence respectively. Results. In our study cohort, factors significantly associated with TB were low BMI (OR: 0.961 (CI 0.954–0.968), p<0.001), female gender (OR: 2.065 (CI 1.922–2.219), p<0.001), being single/unmarried (OR: 1.214 (CI 1.109–1.328), p=0.003), middle-income status (OR: 1.935 (CI 1.616–2.323), p<0.001), smoking (OR: 1.567 (CI 1.435–1.710), p<0.001), and diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.142 (CI 1.017–1.278), p=0.023). TB recurrence constituted 11.2% of patients presenting to the hospital. Compared with the first episode of TB, cases with recurrence were more likely to be older (OR: 1.011 (CI 1.004–1.017), p<0.001), have disease awareness (OR: 1.906 (CI 1.486–2.437), p<0.001), smear positive (OR: 2.384 (CI 1.650–3.536), p<0.001), and be drug-resistant (OR: 5.615 (CI 4.265–7.386), p<0.001). Conclusion. In the present study cohort, low BMI, female gender, being single, middle-income status, being unemployed, smoking, and being diabetic came out to be the sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for TB. Further exploring the TB cases increasing age, drug resistance and smear positivity stood out to be the major sociodemographic and clinical factors of TB recurrence despite high disease awareness. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4d11ceee1bc2472db09781a1499ad5a7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-9694 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Tropical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-4d11ceee1bc2472db09781a1499ad5a72025-02-03T01:24:38ZengWileyJournal of Tropical Medicine1687-96942022-01-01202210.1155/2022/4408306Demographic and Clinical Determinants of Tuberculosis and TB Recurrence: A Double-Edged Retrospective Study from PakistanMariam Ahmed Mujtaba0Matthew Richardson1Hira Shahzad2Muhammad Ishaq Javed3Ghazala Kaukab Raja4Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq5Pranabashis Haldar6Sadia Saeed7University Institute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Institute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyUniversity Institute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyUniversity Institute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyUniversity Institute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Institute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyObjective. TB recurrence is the second episode of TB after initial treatment bringing about an additional 7% load in TB burden intensified by 17.7% of multidrug-resistant recurrent cases. It is necessary to curb recurrence so that attempts to deal with active disease can be made more effective. This study aimed to characterize sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with recurrent TB in a high-burden setting. Methodology. A retrospective case-control study was carried out at two hospitals in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. TB patients and controls were included in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by questionnaire from all subjects. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with TB and TB recurrence respectively. Results. In our study cohort, factors significantly associated with TB were low BMI (OR: 0.961 (CI 0.954–0.968), p<0.001), female gender (OR: 2.065 (CI 1.922–2.219), p<0.001), being single/unmarried (OR: 1.214 (CI 1.109–1.328), p=0.003), middle-income status (OR: 1.935 (CI 1.616–2.323), p<0.001), smoking (OR: 1.567 (CI 1.435–1.710), p<0.001), and diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.142 (CI 1.017–1.278), p=0.023). TB recurrence constituted 11.2% of patients presenting to the hospital. Compared with the first episode of TB, cases with recurrence were more likely to be older (OR: 1.011 (CI 1.004–1.017), p<0.001), have disease awareness (OR: 1.906 (CI 1.486–2.437), p<0.001), smear positive (OR: 2.384 (CI 1.650–3.536), p<0.001), and be drug-resistant (OR: 5.615 (CI 4.265–7.386), p<0.001). Conclusion. In the present study cohort, low BMI, female gender, being single, middle-income status, being unemployed, smoking, and being diabetic came out to be the sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for TB. Further exploring the TB cases increasing age, drug resistance and smear positivity stood out to be the major sociodemographic and clinical factors of TB recurrence despite high disease awareness.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4408306 |
| spellingShingle | Mariam Ahmed Mujtaba Matthew Richardson Hira Shahzad Muhammad Ishaq Javed Ghazala Kaukab Raja Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq Pranabashis Haldar Sadia Saeed Demographic and Clinical Determinants of Tuberculosis and TB Recurrence: A Double-Edged Retrospective Study from Pakistan Journal of Tropical Medicine |
| title | Demographic and Clinical Determinants of Tuberculosis and TB Recurrence: A Double-Edged Retrospective Study from Pakistan |
| title_full | Demographic and Clinical Determinants of Tuberculosis and TB Recurrence: A Double-Edged Retrospective Study from Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Demographic and Clinical Determinants of Tuberculosis and TB Recurrence: A Double-Edged Retrospective Study from Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Demographic and Clinical Determinants of Tuberculosis and TB Recurrence: A Double-Edged Retrospective Study from Pakistan |
| title_short | Demographic and Clinical Determinants of Tuberculosis and TB Recurrence: A Double-Edged Retrospective Study from Pakistan |
| title_sort | demographic and clinical determinants of tuberculosis and tb recurrence a double edged retrospective study from pakistan |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4408306 |
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