Preliminary Results on the Use of Straw Cover and Effective Microorganisms for Mitigating GHG and Ammonia Emissions in Pig Slurry Storage Systems

Spain has been the largest pork producer in the EU in recent years, leading to significant pig slurry (PS) production that requires proper management to prevent environmental impacts. The objectives of this study were to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia emissions and to characterize the PS...

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Main Authors: Martire Angélica Terrero Turbí, Melisa Gómez-Garrido, Oumaima El bied, José Gregorio Cuevas Bencosme, Ángel Faz Cano
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/10/1788
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author Martire Angélica Terrero Turbí
Melisa Gómez-Garrido
Oumaima El bied
José Gregorio Cuevas Bencosme
Ángel Faz Cano
author_facet Martire Angélica Terrero Turbí
Melisa Gómez-Garrido
Oumaima El bied
José Gregorio Cuevas Bencosme
Ángel Faz Cano
author_sort Martire Angélica Terrero Turbí
collection DOAJ
description Spain has been the largest pork producer in the EU in recent years, leading to significant pig slurry (PS) production that requires proper management to prevent environmental impacts. The objectives of this study were to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia emissions and to characterize the PS in storage pond systems. A straw cover pond (SP) and addition of effective microorganisms (EMs) in a biological pond (BP) were used to treat the slurries. During two periods (autumn and spring), PS was characterized and GHG (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O) and NH<sub>3</sub> emissions were measured with a dynamic chamber. After 5 weeks of storage, BP achieved a reduction of 96% for CO<sub>2</sub>, 98% for CH<sub>4</sub> and 59% for NH<sub>3</sub> compared to the control pond (CP) in spring, while SP presented a 74% reduction for CO<sub>2</sub> in autumn, and 60% and 97% reductions for CH<sub>4</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>, respectively, in spring. Additionally, the PS samples showed a decreasing trend for EC, dry matter, COD, BOD<sub>5</sub>, total N, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, Org.-N, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> during both seasons. This preliminary study shows promise in reducing GHG/NH<sub>3</sub> emissions and improving PS properties, but further replication is recommended. Varying straw cover thickness, optimizing EM dose, and a pH reduction may enhance outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-4cf8fc643c8c40468cee87192e2861df2025-08-20T02:11:04ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722024-10-011410178810.3390/agriculture14101788Preliminary Results on the Use of Straw Cover and Effective Microorganisms for Mitigating GHG and Ammonia Emissions in Pig Slurry Storage SystemsMartire Angélica Terrero Turbí0Melisa Gómez-Garrido1Oumaima El bied2José Gregorio Cuevas Bencosme3Ángel Faz Cano4Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Agronomic Engineering Department, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, SpainSustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Agronomic Engineering Department, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, SpainSustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Agronomic Engineering Department, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, SpainSustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Agronomic Engineering Department, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, SpainSustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Agronomic Engineering Department, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, SpainSpain has been the largest pork producer in the EU in recent years, leading to significant pig slurry (PS) production that requires proper management to prevent environmental impacts. The objectives of this study were to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia emissions and to characterize the PS in storage pond systems. A straw cover pond (SP) and addition of effective microorganisms (EMs) in a biological pond (BP) were used to treat the slurries. During two periods (autumn and spring), PS was characterized and GHG (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O) and NH<sub>3</sub> emissions were measured with a dynamic chamber. After 5 weeks of storage, BP achieved a reduction of 96% for CO<sub>2</sub>, 98% for CH<sub>4</sub> and 59% for NH<sub>3</sub> compared to the control pond (CP) in spring, while SP presented a 74% reduction for CO<sub>2</sub> in autumn, and 60% and 97% reductions for CH<sub>4</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>, respectively, in spring. Additionally, the PS samples showed a decreasing trend for EC, dry matter, COD, BOD<sub>5</sub>, total N, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, Org.-N, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> during both seasons. This preliminary study shows promise in reducing GHG/NH<sub>3</sub> emissions and improving PS properties, but further replication is recommended. Varying straw cover thickness, optimizing EM dose, and a pH reduction may enhance outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/10/1788GHG emissionammoniapig slurry storageemission-mitigation techniquesstraw covereffective microorganism
spellingShingle Martire Angélica Terrero Turbí
Melisa Gómez-Garrido
Oumaima El bied
José Gregorio Cuevas Bencosme
Ángel Faz Cano
Preliminary Results on the Use of Straw Cover and Effective Microorganisms for Mitigating GHG and Ammonia Emissions in Pig Slurry Storage Systems
Agriculture
GHG emission
ammonia
pig slurry storage
emission-mitigation techniques
straw cover
effective microorganism
title Preliminary Results on the Use of Straw Cover and Effective Microorganisms for Mitigating GHG and Ammonia Emissions in Pig Slurry Storage Systems
title_full Preliminary Results on the Use of Straw Cover and Effective Microorganisms for Mitigating GHG and Ammonia Emissions in Pig Slurry Storage Systems
title_fullStr Preliminary Results on the Use of Straw Cover and Effective Microorganisms for Mitigating GHG and Ammonia Emissions in Pig Slurry Storage Systems
title_full_unstemmed Preliminary Results on the Use of Straw Cover and Effective Microorganisms for Mitigating GHG and Ammonia Emissions in Pig Slurry Storage Systems
title_short Preliminary Results on the Use of Straw Cover and Effective Microorganisms for Mitigating GHG and Ammonia Emissions in Pig Slurry Storage Systems
title_sort preliminary results on the use of straw cover and effective microorganisms for mitigating ghg and ammonia emissions in pig slurry storage systems
topic GHG emission
ammonia
pig slurry storage
emission-mitigation techniques
straw cover
effective microorganism
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/10/1788
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