Study of Seasonal Variation in Groundwater Quality of Sagar City (India) by Principal Component Analysis
Groundwater is one of the major resources of the drinking water in Sagar city (India.). In this study 15 sampling station were selected for the investigations on 14 chemical parameters. The work was carried out during different months of the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in June 2009...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2011-01-01
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| Series: | E-Journal of Chemistry |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/765749 |
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| author | Hemant Pathak S. N. Limaye |
| author_facet | Hemant Pathak S. N. Limaye |
| author_sort | Hemant Pathak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Groundwater is one of the major resources of the drinking water in Sagar city (India.). In this study 15 sampling station were selected for the investigations on 14 chemical parameters. The work was carried out during different months of the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in June 2009 to June 2010. The multivariate statistics such as principal component and cluster analysis were applied to the datasets to investigate seasonal variations in groundwater quality. Principal axis factoring has been used to observe the mode of association of parameters and their interrelationships, for evaluating water quality. Average value of BOD, COD, ammonia and iron was high during entire study period. Elevated values of BOD and ammonia in monsoon, slightly more value of BOD in post-monsoon, BOD, ammonia and iron in pre-monsoon period reflected contribution on temporal effect on groundwater. Results of principal component analysis evinced that all the parameters equally and significantly contribute to groundwater quality variations. Factor 1 and factor 2 analysis revealed the DO value deteriorate due to organic load (BOD/Ammonia) in different seasons. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped 15 stations into four clusters in monsoon, five clusters in post-monsoon and five clusters in pre-monsoon with similar water quality features. Clustered group at monsoon, post-monsoon and pre-monsoon consisted one station exhibiting significant spatial variation in physicochemical composition. The anthropogenic nitrogenous species, as fallout from modernization activities. The study indicated that the groundwater sufficiently well oxygenated and nutrient-rich in study places. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4cf5365cec3f4dcbb9221a6d8173bc11 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0973-4945 2090-9810 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | E-Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-4cf5365cec3f4dcbb9221a6d8173bc112025-02-03T06:04:55ZengWileyE-Journal of Chemistry0973-49452090-98102011-01-01842000200910.1155/2011/765749Study of Seasonal Variation in Groundwater Quality of Sagar City (India) by Principal Component AnalysisHemant Pathak0S. N. Limaye1Department of Chemistry, Indra Gandhi Govt. Engineering College, Sagar, IndiaDr. Hari singh Gour Central University, Sagar (M.P.)-470003, IndiaGroundwater is one of the major resources of the drinking water in Sagar city (India.). In this study 15 sampling station were selected for the investigations on 14 chemical parameters. The work was carried out during different months of the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in June 2009 to June 2010. The multivariate statistics such as principal component and cluster analysis were applied to the datasets to investigate seasonal variations in groundwater quality. Principal axis factoring has been used to observe the mode of association of parameters and their interrelationships, for evaluating water quality. Average value of BOD, COD, ammonia and iron was high during entire study period. Elevated values of BOD and ammonia in monsoon, slightly more value of BOD in post-monsoon, BOD, ammonia and iron in pre-monsoon period reflected contribution on temporal effect on groundwater. Results of principal component analysis evinced that all the parameters equally and significantly contribute to groundwater quality variations. Factor 1 and factor 2 analysis revealed the DO value deteriorate due to organic load (BOD/Ammonia) in different seasons. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped 15 stations into four clusters in monsoon, five clusters in post-monsoon and five clusters in pre-monsoon with similar water quality features. Clustered group at monsoon, post-monsoon and pre-monsoon consisted one station exhibiting significant spatial variation in physicochemical composition. The anthropogenic nitrogenous species, as fallout from modernization activities. The study indicated that the groundwater sufficiently well oxygenated and nutrient-rich in study places.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/765749 |
| spellingShingle | Hemant Pathak S. N. Limaye Study of Seasonal Variation in Groundwater Quality of Sagar City (India) by Principal Component Analysis E-Journal of Chemistry |
| title | Study of Seasonal Variation in Groundwater Quality of Sagar City (India) by Principal Component Analysis |
| title_full | Study of Seasonal Variation in Groundwater Quality of Sagar City (India) by Principal Component Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Study of Seasonal Variation in Groundwater Quality of Sagar City (India) by Principal Component Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of Seasonal Variation in Groundwater Quality of Sagar City (India) by Principal Component Analysis |
| title_short | Study of Seasonal Variation in Groundwater Quality of Sagar City (India) by Principal Component Analysis |
| title_sort | study of seasonal variation in groundwater quality of sagar city india by principal component analysis |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/765749 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hemantpathak studyofseasonalvariationingroundwaterqualityofsagarcityindiabyprincipalcomponentanalysis AT snlimaye studyofseasonalvariationingroundwaterqualityofsagarcityindiabyprincipalcomponentanalysis |