Machine-learning assisted discovery unveils novel interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolic disturbance in diabetic kidney disease

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious healthcare dilemma. Nonetheless, the interplay between the functional capacity of gut microbiota and their host remains elusive for DKD. This study aims to elucidate the functional capability of gut microbiota to affect kidney function of DKD patients. A to...

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Main Authors: I-Wen Wu, Yu-Chieh Liao, Tsung-Hsien Tsai, Chieh-Hua Lin, Zhao-Qing Shen, Yun-Hsuan Chan, Chih-Wei Tu, Yi-Ju Chou, Chi-Jen Lo, Chi-Hsiao Yeh, Chun-Yu Chen, Heng-Chih Pan, Heng-Jung Hsu, Chin-Chan Lee, Mei-Ling Cheng, Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu, Chi-Chun Lai, Huey-Kang Sytwu, Ting-Fen Tsai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Gut Microbes
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2025.2473506
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author I-Wen Wu
Yu-Chieh Liao
Tsung-Hsien Tsai
Chieh-Hua Lin
Zhao-Qing Shen
Yun-Hsuan Chan
Chih-Wei Tu
Yi-Ju Chou
Chi-Jen Lo
Chi-Hsiao Yeh
Chun-Yu Chen
Heng-Chih Pan
Heng-Jung Hsu
Chin-Chan Lee
Mei-Ling Cheng
Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
Chi-Chun Lai
Huey-Kang Sytwu
Ting-Fen Tsai
author_facet I-Wen Wu
Yu-Chieh Liao
Tsung-Hsien Tsai
Chieh-Hua Lin
Zhao-Qing Shen
Yun-Hsuan Chan
Chih-Wei Tu
Yi-Ju Chou
Chi-Jen Lo
Chi-Hsiao Yeh
Chun-Yu Chen
Heng-Chih Pan
Heng-Jung Hsu
Chin-Chan Lee
Mei-Ling Cheng
Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
Chi-Chun Lai
Huey-Kang Sytwu
Ting-Fen Tsai
author_sort I-Wen Wu
collection DOAJ
description Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious healthcare dilemma. Nonetheless, the interplay between the functional capacity of gut microbiota and their host remains elusive for DKD. This study aims to elucidate the functional capability of gut microbiota to affect kidney function of DKD patients. A total of 990 subjects were enrolled consisting of a control group (n = 455), a type 2 diabetes mellitus group (DM, n = 204), a DKD group (n = 182) and a chronic kidney disease group (CKD, n = 149). Full-length sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from stool DNA was conducted. Three findings are pinpointed. Firstly, new types of microbiota biomarkers have been created using a machine-learning (ML) method, namely relative abundance of a microbe, presence or absence of a microbe, and the hierarchy ratio between two different taxonomies. Four different panels of features were selected to be analyzed: (i) DM vs. Control, (ii) DKD vs. DM, (iii) DKD vs. CKD, and (iv) CKD vs. Control. These had accuracy rates between 0.72 and 0.78 and areas under curve between 0.79 and 0.86. Secondly, 13 gut microbiota biomarkers, which are strongly correlated with anthropometric, metabolic and/or renal indexes, concomitantly identified by the ML algorithm and the differential abundance method were highly discriminatory. Finally, the predicted functional capability of a DKD-specific biomarker, Gemmiger spp. is enriched in carbohydrate metabolism and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis. Coincidentally, the circulating levels of various BCAAs (L-valine, L-leucine and L-isoleucine) and their precursor, L-glutamate, are significantly increased in DM and DKD patients, which suggests that, when hyperglycemia is present, there has been alterations in various interconnected pathways associated with glycolysis, pyruvate fermentation and BCAA biosynthesis. Our findings demonstrate that there is a link involving the gut-kidney axis in DKD patients. Furthermore, our findings highlight specific gut bacteria that can acts as useful biomarkers; these could have mechanistic and diagnostic implications.
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series Gut Microbes
spelling doaj-art-4ccdec56d2ad471d8edd6a2b9e5cc42e2025-08-20T03:22:22ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGut Microbes1949-09761949-09842025-12-0117110.1080/19490976.2025.2473506Machine-learning assisted discovery unveils novel interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolic disturbance in diabetic kidney diseaseI-Wen Wu0Yu-Chieh Liao1Tsung-Hsien Tsai2Chieh-Hua Lin3Zhao-Qing Shen4Yun-Hsuan Chan5Chih-Wei Tu6Yi-Ju Chou7Chi-Jen Lo8Chi-Hsiao Yeh9Chun-Yu Chen10Heng-Chih Pan11Heng-Jung Hsu12Chin-Chan Lee13Mei-Ling Cheng14Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu15Chi-Chun Lai16Huey-Kang Sytwu17Ting-Fen Tsai18Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, TaiwanInstitute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, TaiwanAdvanced Tech BU, Acer Inc, New Taipei City, TaiwanInstitute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, TaiwanDepartment of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, TaiwanAdvanced Tech BU, Acer Inc, New Taipei City, TaiwanAdvanced Tech BU, Acer Inc, New Taipei City, TaiwanInstitute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, TaiwanMetabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanCommunity Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, TaiwanDepartment of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, TaiwanDepartment of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, TaiwanDepartment of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, TaiwanDepartment of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, TaiwanMetabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanInstitute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, TaiwanCommunity Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, TaiwanNational Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, TaiwanDepartment of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, TaiwanDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious healthcare dilemma. Nonetheless, the interplay between the functional capacity of gut microbiota and their host remains elusive for DKD. This study aims to elucidate the functional capability of gut microbiota to affect kidney function of DKD patients. A total of 990 subjects were enrolled consisting of a control group (n = 455), a type 2 diabetes mellitus group (DM, n = 204), a DKD group (n = 182) and a chronic kidney disease group (CKD, n = 149). Full-length sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from stool DNA was conducted. Three findings are pinpointed. Firstly, new types of microbiota biomarkers have been created using a machine-learning (ML) method, namely relative abundance of a microbe, presence or absence of a microbe, and the hierarchy ratio between two different taxonomies. Four different panels of features were selected to be analyzed: (i) DM vs. Control, (ii) DKD vs. DM, (iii) DKD vs. CKD, and (iv) CKD vs. Control. These had accuracy rates between 0.72 and 0.78 and areas under curve between 0.79 and 0.86. Secondly, 13 gut microbiota biomarkers, which are strongly correlated with anthropometric, metabolic and/or renal indexes, concomitantly identified by the ML algorithm and the differential abundance method were highly discriminatory. Finally, the predicted functional capability of a DKD-specific biomarker, Gemmiger spp. is enriched in carbohydrate metabolism and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis. Coincidentally, the circulating levels of various BCAAs (L-valine, L-leucine and L-isoleucine) and their precursor, L-glutamate, are significantly increased in DM and DKD patients, which suggests that, when hyperglycemia is present, there has been alterations in various interconnected pathways associated with glycolysis, pyruvate fermentation and BCAA biosynthesis. Our findings demonstrate that there is a link involving the gut-kidney axis in DKD patients. Furthermore, our findings highlight specific gut bacteria that can acts as useful biomarkers; these could have mechanistic and diagnostic implications.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2025.2473506Diabetic kidney diseasemicrobiotamachine learningbranched-chain amino acids
spellingShingle I-Wen Wu
Yu-Chieh Liao
Tsung-Hsien Tsai
Chieh-Hua Lin
Zhao-Qing Shen
Yun-Hsuan Chan
Chih-Wei Tu
Yi-Ju Chou
Chi-Jen Lo
Chi-Hsiao Yeh
Chun-Yu Chen
Heng-Chih Pan
Heng-Jung Hsu
Chin-Chan Lee
Mei-Ling Cheng
Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
Chi-Chun Lai
Huey-Kang Sytwu
Ting-Fen Tsai
Machine-learning assisted discovery unveils novel interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolic disturbance in diabetic kidney disease
Gut Microbes
Diabetic kidney disease
microbiota
machine learning
branched-chain amino acids
title Machine-learning assisted discovery unveils novel interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolic disturbance in diabetic kidney disease
title_full Machine-learning assisted discovery unveils novel interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolic disturbance in diabetic kidney disease
title_fullStr Machine-learning assisted discovery unveils novel interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolic disturbance in diabetic kidney disease
title_full_unstemmed Machine-learning assisted discovery unveils novel interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolic disturbance in diabetic kidney disease
title_short Machine-learning assisted discovery unveils novel interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolic disturbance in diabetic kidney disease
title_sort machine learning assisted discovery unveils novel interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolic disturbance in diabetic kidney disease
topic Diabetic kidney disease
microbiota
machine learning
branched-chain amino acids
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2025.2473506
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