Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D
The thermo-mechanical response of an ATJ graphite sample to controlled runaway electron (RE) dissipation, realized in DIII-D, is modelled with a novel work-flow that features the RE orbit code KORC, the Monte Carlo particle transport code Geant4 and the finite element multiphysics software COMSOL. K...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nuclear Fusion |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adab05 |
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| author | S. Ratynskaia P. Tolias T. Rizzi K. Paschalidis A. Kulachenko E. Hollmann M. Beidler Y. Liu D. Rudakov I. Bykov R.A. Pitts |
| author_facet | S. Ratynskaia P. Tolias T. Rizzi K. Paschalidis A. Kulachenko E. Hollmann M. Beidler Y. Liu D. Rudakov I. Bykov R.A. Pitts |
| author_sort | S. Ratynskaia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The thermo-mechanical response of an ATJ graphite sample to controlled runaway electron (RE) dissipation, realized in DIII-D, is modelled with a novel work-flow that features the RE orbit code KORC, the Monte Carlo particle transport code Geant4 and the finite element multiphysics software COMSOL. KORC provides the RE striking positions and momenta, Geant4 calculates the volumetric energy deposition and COMSOL simulates the thermoelastic response. Brittle failure is predicted according to the maximum normal stress criterion, which is suitable for ATJ graphite owing to its linear elastic behavior up to fracture and its isotropic mechanical properties. Measurements of the conducted energy, damage topology, explosion timing and blown-off material volume, impose a number of empirical constraints that suffice to distinguish between different RE impact scenarios and to identify RE parameters which provide the best match to the observations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4cb13950ada94ec6bd96491cd2cc0c61 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0029-5515 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nuclear Fusion |
| spelling | doaj-art-4cb13950ada94ec6bd96491cd2cc0c612025-01-21T10:13:46ZengIOP PublishingNuclear Fusion0029-55152025-01-0165202400210.1088/1741-4326/adab05Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-DS. Ratynskaia0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6712-3625P. Tolias1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-8104T. Rizzi2https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2195-7260K. Paschalidis3https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7333-5544A. Kulachenko4E. Hollmann5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-6589M. Beidler6Y. Liu7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-8411D. Rudakov8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-4269I. Bykov9R.A. Pitts10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-2698Space and Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-100 44, SwedenSpace and Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-100 44, SwedenSpace and Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-100 44, SwedenSpace and Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-100 44, SwedenMechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-100 44, SwedenUniversity of California , La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of AmericaOak Ridge National Lab , Oak Ridge, TN, United States of AmericaGeneral Atomics , San Diego, CA, United States of AmericaUniversity of California , La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of AmericaGeneral Atomics , San Diego, CA, United States of AmericaITER Organization , Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, FranceThe thermo-mechanical response of an ATJ graphite sample to controlled runaway electron (RE) dissipation, realized in DIII-D, is modelled with a novel work-flow that features the RE orbit code KORC, the Monte Carlo particle transport code Geant4 and the finite element multiphysics software COMSOL. KORC provides the RE striking positions and momenta, Geant4 calculates the volumetric energy deposition and COMSOL simulates the thermoelastic response. Brittle failure is predicted according to the maximum normal stress criterion, which is suitable for ATJ graphite owing to its linear elastic behavior up to fracture and its isotropic mechanical properties. Measurements of the conducted energy, damage topology, explosion timing and blown-off material volume, impose a number of empirical constraints that suffice to distinguish between different RE impact scenarios and to identify RE parameters which provide the best match to the observations.https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adab05runaway electronsPFC damagePFC thermoelastic response |
| spellingShingle | S. Ratynskaia P. Tolias T. Rizzi K. Paschalidis A. Kulachenko E. Hollmann M. Beidler Y. Liu D. Rudakov I. Bykov R.A. Pitts Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D Nuclear Fusion runaway electrons PFC damage PFC thermoelastic response |
| title | Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D |
| title_full | Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D |
| title_fullStr | Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D |
| title_short | Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D |
| title_sort | modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in diii d |
| topic | runaway electrons PFC damage PFC thermoelastic response |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adab05 |
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