Investigation for Possible Association of the Topside and Bottomside Ionospheric Irregularities over the Midlatitude Ionosphere

Investigation for Possible Association of the Topside and Bottomside Ionospheric Irregularities over the Midlatitude Ionosphere

The present study investigates the characteristics of ionospheric irregularities at middle latitudes by examining the association between spread F (SF) events detected by Digisondes and medium-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) detected by GNSS with a special emphasis on the coupling...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Krishnendu Sekhar Paul, Haris Haralambous
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
midlatitude ionosphere
spread F
swarm
topside irregularities
MSTIDs
ROTI
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/506
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