Association between sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Globally, the number of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing, and they are at a higher risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than the general population. Sleep quality is thought to be a modifiable factor that may contribute to MCI, as previ...

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Main Authors: Rehanguli Maimaitituerxun, Hengxue Wang, Wenhang Chen, Jingsha Xiang, Yu Xie, Fang Xiao, Xin Yin Wu, Letao Chen, Jianzhou Yang, Aizhong Liu, Songning Ding, Wenjie Dai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22338-7
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author Rehanguli Maimaitituerxun
Hengxue Wang
Wenhang Chen
Jingsha Xiang
Yu Xie
Fang Xiao
Xin Yin Wu
Letao Chen
Jianzhou Yang
Aizhong Liu
Songning Ding
Wenjie Dai
author_facet Rehanguli Maimaitituerxun
Hengxue Wang
Wenhang Chen
Jingsha Xiang
Yu Xie
Fang Xiao
Xin Yin Wu
Letao Chen
Jianzhou Yang
Aizhong Liu
Songning Ding
Wenjie Dai
author_sort Rehanguli Maimaitituerxun
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Globally, the number of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing, and they are at a higher risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than the general population. Sleep quality is thought to be a modifiable factor that may contribute to MCI, as previous studies have linked it to cognitive function in older adults. However, evidence concerning the association between sleep quality and MCI among patients with T2DM in China is limited. Therefore, this study aims to identify the association between sleep quality and MCI among patients with T2DM in China. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with T2DM who were referred to the Endocrinology Department of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, T2DM-related information, and biochemical indicators were collected. Sleep quality and MCI were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale, respectively. The association between sleep quality and MCI was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results This study included 1,001 patients with T2DM, with a mean age of 60.2 (standard deviation: 10.1) years. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the total PSQI score was negatively associated with the MMSE score (r=-0.27, P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses based on four models consistently showed that those with higher total PSQI score (aOR = 1.09–1.11, P < 0.05), as well as higher scores on the subjective sleep quality (aOR = 1.32–1.46, P < 0.05), sleep latency (aOR = 1.25–1.32, P < 0.05), sleep duration (aOR = 1.30–1.32, P < 0.05), sleep efficiency (aOR = 1.36–1.41, P < 0.05), sleep disturbance (aOR = 1.66–1.86, P < 0.05), and daily dysfunction (aOR = 1.38–1.48, P < 0.05) were associated with higher rates of MCI. Conclusions Among Chinese patients with T2DM, poor overall sleep quality, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, and daily dysfunction were associated with higher rates of MCI. Future studies are needed to examine whether sleep intervention could improve cognitive function in patients with T2DM. It is also suggested for clinicians working with T2DM patients to raise the awareness of cognitive impairment and sleep problems.
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spelling doaj-art-4c4aed4ad6f248e69d45b79c758e766a2025-08-20T02:41:30ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-03-012511910.1186/s12889-025-22338-7Association between sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional studyRehanguli Maimaitituerxun0Hengxue Wang1Wenhang Chen2Jingsha Xiang3Yu Xie4Fang Xiao5Xin Yin Wu6Letao Chen7Jianzhou Yang8Aizhong Liu9Songning Ding10Wenjie Dai11Department for Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment for Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Human Resources, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South UniversityDepartment of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South UniversityInfection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical CollegeDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South UniversityDepartment for Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South UniversityAbstract Background Globally, the number of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing, and they are at a higher risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than the general population. Sleep quality is thought to be a modifiable factor that may contribute to MCI, as previous studies have linked it to cognitive function in older adults. However, evidence concerning the association between sleep quality and MCI among patients with T2DM in China is limited. Therefore, this study aims to identify the association between sleep quality and MCI among patients with T2DM in China. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with T2DM who were referred to the Endocrinology Department of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, T2DM-related information, and biochemical indicators were collected. Sleep quality and MCI were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale, respectively. The association between sleep quality and MCI was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results This study included 1,001 patients with T2DM, with a mean age of 60.2 (standard deviation: 10.1) years. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the total PSQI score was negatively associated with the MMSE score (r=-0.27, P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses based on four models consistently showed that those with higher total PSQI score (aOR = 1.09–1.11, P < 0.05), as well as higher scores on the subjective sleep quality (aOR = 1.32–1.46, P < 0.05), sleep latency (aOR = 1.25–1.32, P < 0.05), sleep duration (aOR = 1.30–1.32, P < 0.05), sleep efficiency (aOR = 1.36–1.41, P < 0.05), sleep disturbance (aOR = 1.66–1.86, P < 0.05), and daily dysfunction (aOR = 1.38–1.48, P < 0.05) were associated with higher rates of MCI. Conclusions Among Chinese patients with T2DM, poor overall sleep quality, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, and daily dysfunction were associated with higher rates of MCI. Future studies are needed to examine whether sleep intervention could improve cognitive function in patients with T2DM. It is also suggested for clinicians working with T2DM patients to raise the awareness of cognitive impairment and sleep problems.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22338-7Type 2 diabetes mellitusSleep qualityMild cognitive impairmentChinese
spellingShingle Rehanguli Maimaitituerxun
Hengxue Wang
Wenhang Chen
Jingsha Xiang
Yu Xie
Fang Xiao
Xin Yin Wu
Letao Chen
Jianzhou Yang
Aizhong Liu
Songning Ding
Wenjie Dai
Association between sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
BMC Public Health
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Sleep quality
Mild cognitive impairment
Chinese
title Association between sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
title_full Association between sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Association between sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Association between sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
title_short Association between sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
title_sort association between sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment in chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus a cross sectional study
topic Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Sleep quality
Mild cognitive impairment
Chinese
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22338-7
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