EPRNG: Effective Pseudo-Random Number Generator on the Internet of Vehicles Using Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Network
With the increasing connectivity and automation on the Internet of Vehicles, safety, security, and privacy have become stringent challenges. In the last decade, several cryptography-based protocols have been proposed as intuitive solutions to protect vehicles from information leakage and intrusions....
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Chenyang Fei Xiaomei Zhang Dayu Wang Haomin Hu Rong Huang Zejie Wang |
| author_facet | Chenyang Fei Xiaomei Zhang Dayu Wang Haomin Hu Rong Huang Zejie Wang |
| author_sort | Chenyang Fei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the increasing connectivity and automation on the Internet of Vehicles, safety, security, and privacy have become stringent challenges. In the last decade, several cryptography-based protocols have been proposed as intuitive solutions to protect vehicles from information leakage and intrusions. Before generating the encryption keys, a random number generator (RNG) plays an important component in cybersecurity. Several deep learning-based RNGs have been deployed to train the initial value and generate pseudo-random numbers. However, interference from actual unpredictable driving environments renders the system unreliable for its low-randomness outputs. Furthermore, dynamics in the training process make these methods subject to training instability and pattern collapse by overfitting. In this paper, we propose an Effective Pseudo-Random Number Generator (EPRNG) which exploits a deep convolution generative adversarial network (DCGAN)-based approach using our processed vehicle datasets and entropy-driven stopping method-based training processes for the generation of pseudo-random numbers. Our model starts from the vehicle data source to stitch images and add noise to enhance the entropy of the images and then inputs them into our network. In addition, we design an entropy-driven stopping method that enables our model training to stop at the optimal epoch so as to prevent overfitting. The results of the evaluation indicate that our entropy-driven stopping method can effectively generate pseudo-random numbers in a DCGAN. Our numerical experiments on famous test suites (NIST, ENT) demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach in high-quality random number generation for the IoV. Furthermore, the PRNGs are successfully applied to image encryption, and the performance metrics of the encryption are close to ideal values. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2078-2489 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-4bf2bc917f2349ddad7d1a12f0f038ea2025-01-24T13:35:10ZengMDPI AGInformation2078-24892025-01-011612110.3390/info16010021EPRNG: Effective Pseudo-Random Number Generator on the Internet of Vehicles Using Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial NetworkChenyang Fei0Xiaomei Zhang1Dayu Wang2Haomin Hu3Rong Huang4Zejie Wang5School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, ChinaSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, ChinaCollege of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, ChinaSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, ChinaSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, ChinaSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, ChinaWith the increasing connectivity and automation on the Internet of Vehicles, safety, security, and privacy have become stringent challenges. In the last decade, several cryptography-based protocols have been proposed as intuitive solutions to protect vehicles from information leakage and intrusions. Before generating the encryption keys, a random number generator (RNG) plays an important component in cybersecurity. Several deep learning-based RNGs have been deployed to train the initial value and generate pseudo-random numbers. However, interference from actual unpredictable driving environments renders the system unreliable for its low-randomness outputs. Furthermore, dynamics in the training process make these methods subject to training instability and pattern collapse by overfitting. In this paper, we propose an Effective Pseudo-Random Number Generator (EPRNG) which exploits a deep convolution generative adversarial network (DCGAN)-based approach using our processed vehicle datasets and entropy-driven stopping method-based training processes for the generation of pseudo-random numbers. Our model starts from the vehicle data source to stitch images and add noise to enhance the entropy of the images and then inputs them into our network. In addition, we design an entropy-driven stopping method that enables our model training to stop at the optimal epoch so as to prevent overfitting. The results of the evaluation indicate that our entropy-driven stopping method can effectively generate pseudo-random numbers in a DCGAN. Our numerical experiments on famous test suites (NIST, ENT) demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach in high-quality random number generation for the IoV. Furthermore, the PRNGs are successfully applied to image encryption, and the performance metrics of the encryption are close to ideal values.https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/21pseudo-random numberDCGANIoVearly stopping |
| spellingShingle | Chenyang Fei Xiaomei Zhang Dayu Wang Haomin Hu Rong Huang Zejie Wang EPRNG: Effective Pseudo-Random Number Generator on the Internet of Vehicles Using Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Network Information pseudo-random number DCGAN IoV early stopping |
| title | EPRNG: Effective Pseudo-Random Number Generator on the Internet of Vehicles Using Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Network |
| title_full | EPRNG: Effective Pseudo-Random Number Generator on the Internet of Vehicles Using Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Network |
| title_fullStr | EPRNG: Effective Pseudo-Random Number Generator on the Internet of Vehicles Using Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Network |
| title_full_unstemmed | EPRNG: Effective Pseudo-Random Number Generator on the Internet of Vehicles Using Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Network |
| title_short | EPRNG: Effective Pseudo-Random Number Generator on the Internet of Vehicles Using Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Network |
| title_sort | eprng effective pseudo random number generator on the internet of vehicles using deep convolution generative adversarial network |
| topic | pseudo-random number DCGAN IoV early stopping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/21 |
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