A 5-Year Update on the Clinical Development of Cancer Cell-Based Vaccines for Glioblastoma Multiforme
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered one of the most aggressive forms of brain cancer with a 15-month median survival, despite advancements in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The immune-suppressed tumor microenvironment and the blood–brain barrier are major contributors to its poor p...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Almohanad A. Alkayyal Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud |
| author_facet | Almohanad A. Alkayyal Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud |
| author_sort | Almohanad A. Alkayyal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered one of the most aggressive forms of brain cancer with a 15-month median survival, despite advancements in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The immune-suppressed tumor microenvironment and the blood–brain barrier are major contributors to its poor prognosis and treatment resistance. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in developing cell-based vaccines to boost immune responses against GBM. This review provides an extensive update on recent clinical trials involving various cancer cell vaccines, including ICT-107, the α-type-1 DC vaccine, and others. Although these trials have demonstrated potential improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), the diverse and immune-suppressed nature of GBM poses challenges for consistent therapeutic success. We discuss the details of these trials along with the potential mechanism of vaccine efficacy and immune activations. The findings of these trials highlight the significance of a personalized immunotherapy approach and suggest that patient stratification could significantly advance the clinical management of GBM. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4bdc3e94b5414eaf9f42f20e004ba81a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj-art-4bdc3e94b5414eaf9f42f20e004ba81a2025-08-20T03:43:37ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-03-0118337610.3390/ph18030376A 5-Year Update on the Clinical Development of Cancer Cell-Based Vaccines for Glioblastoma MultiformeAlmohanad A. Alkayyal0Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi ArabiaGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered one of the most aggressive forms of brain cancer with a 15-month median survival, despite advancements in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The immune-suppressed tumor microenvironment and the blood–brain barrier are major contributors to its poor prognosis and treatment resistance. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in developing cell-based vaccines to boost immune responses against GBM. This review provides an extensive update on recent clinical trials involving various cancer cell vaccines, including ICT-107, the α-type-1 DC vaccine, and others. Although these trials have demonstrated potential improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), the diverse and immune-suppressed nature of GBM poses challenges for consistent therapeutic success. We discuss the details of these trials along with the potential mechanism of vaccine efficacy and immune activations. The findings of these trials highlight the significance of a personalized immunotherapy approach and suggest that patient stratification could significantly advance the clinical management of GBM.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/376GBMcancer cell vaccinecell lysateDC vaccineimmunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Almohanad A. Alkayyal Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud A 5-Year Update on the Clinical Development of Cancer Cell-Based Vaccines for Glioblastoma Multiforme Pharmaceuticals GBM cancer cell vaccine cell lysate DC vaccine immunotherapy |
| title | A 5-Year Update on the Clinical Development of Cancer Cell-Based Vaccines for Glioblastoma Multiforme |
| title_full | A 5-Year Update on the Clinical Development of Cancer Cell-Based Vaccines for Glioblastoma Multiforme |
| title_fullStr | A 5-Year Update on the Clinical Development of Cancer Cell-Based Vaccines for Glioblastoma Multiforme |
| title_full_unstemmed | A 5-Year Update on the Clinical Development of Cancer Cell-Based Vaccines for Glioblastoma Multiforme |
| title_short | A 5-Year Update on the Clinical Development of Cancer Cell-Based Vaccines for Glioblastoma Multiforme |
| title_sort | 5 year update on the clinical development of cancer cell based vaccines for glioblastoma multiforme |
| topic | GBM cancer cell vaccine cell lysate DC vaccine immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/376 |
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