Relationship between metabolic syndrome and dietary diversity in the Rafsanjan cohort study

Abstract The rapid increase in metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a major public health problem may be attributed to changes in population behavior patterns in modern society, including nutritional habits and physical activity. Therefore, this study investigated the association between dietary diversity s...

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Main Authors: Shahin Heidari, Mahmood Kahnooji, Fatemeh Ayoobi, Parvin Khalili, Maryam Ghaseminasab-Parizi, Lida Soltani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90086-0
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author Shahin Heidari
Mahmood Kahnooji
Fatemeh Ayoobi
Parvin Khalili
Maryam Ghaseminasab-Parizi
Lida Soltani
author_facet Shahin Heidari
Mahmood Kahnooji
Fatemeh Ayoobi
Parvin Khalili
Maryam Ghaseminasab-Parizi
Lida Soltani
author_sort Shahin Heidari
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The rapid increase in metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a major public health problem may be attributed to changes in population behavior patterns in modern society, including nutritional habits and physical activity. Therefore, this study investigated the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and adult metabolic syndrome. In this cross-sectional study, 9715 participants aged 35–70 years from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) were included. Demographic, medical, and habitual histories were collected. DDS was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). All analyses were performed using Stata 14, with p-values < 0.05. Based on the DDS, subjects were divided into four groups (quartiles). The multivariate-adjusted model showed that the risk of MetS increased by 18% in the third quartile and by 25% in the fourth quartile (OR: 1.18; 98% CI: 1.02–1.36 and OR: 1.25; 98% CI: 1.06–1.48, respectively). Additionally, an increased risk of high serum triglyceride levels was observed in the third quartile (OR: 1.19; 98% CI: 1.05–1.35). The results suggest that there is a relationship between DDS and metabolic syndrome, although this relationship changed after adjusting for confounders.
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spelling doaj-art-4bcd45dbabe74ac08ce5d8a1a16e710c2025-08-20T03:41:12ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-90086-0Relationship between metabolic syndrome and dietary diversity in the Rafsanjan cohort studyShahin Heidari0Mahmood Kahnooji1Fatemeh Ayoobi2Parvin Khalili3Maryam Ghaseminasab-Parizi4Lida Soltani5Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of MedicalOccupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesAbstract The rapid increase in metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a major public health problem may be attributed to changes in population behavior patterns in modern society, including nutritional habits and physical activity. Therefore, this study investigated the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and adult metabolic syndrome. In this cross-sectional study, 9715 participants aged 35–70 years from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) were included. Demographic, medical, and habitual histories were collected. DDS was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). All analyses were performed using Stata 14, with p-values < 0.05. Based on the DDS, subjects were divided into four groups (quartiles). The multivariate-adjusted model showed that the risk of MetS increased by 18% in the third quartile and by 25% in the fourth quartile (OR: 1.18; 98% CI: 1.02–1.36 and OR: 1.25; 98% CI: 1.06–1.48, respectively). Additionally, an increased risk of high serum triglyceride levels was observed in the third quartile (OR: 1.19; 98% CI: 1.05–1.35). The results suggest that there is a relationship between DDS and metabolic syndrome, although this relationship changed after adjusting for confounders.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90086-0Dietary diversityMetabolic syndromeRafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS)
spellingShingle Shahin Heidari
Mahmood Kahnooji
Fatemeh Ayoobi
Parvin Khalili
Maryam Ghaseminasab-Parizi
Lida Soltani
Relationship between metabolic syndrome and dietary diversity in the Rafsanjan cohort study
Scientific Reports
Dietary diversity
Metabolic syndrome
Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS)
title Relationship between metabolic syndrome and dietary diversity in the Rafsanjan cohort study
title_full Relationship between metabolic syndrome and dietary diversity in the Rafsanjan cohort study
title_fullStr Relationship between metabolic syndrome and dietary diversity in the Rafsanjan cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between metabolic syndrome and dietary diversity in the Rafsanjan cohort study
title_short Relationship between metabolic syndrome and dietary diversity in the Rafsanjan cohort study
title_sort relationship between metabolic syndrome and dietary diversity in the rafsanjan cohort study
topic Dietary diversity
Metabolic syndrome
Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS)
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90086-0
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