The Nrf2 Activator CDDO-Imidazole Suppresses Inflammation-Induced Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization

Experimental Objective: During red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, inflammation promotes the production of anti-RBC alloantibodies that can cause significant hemolytic events. Avoiding RBC antigen exposure is the only strategy to prevent RBC alloimmunization in transfusion recipients. Identifying mech...

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Main Authors: Che-Yu Chang, Rosario Hernández-Armengol, Kausik Paul, June Young Lee, Karina Nance, Tomohiro Shibata, Peibin Yue, Christian Stehlik, David R. Gibb
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/678
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author Che-Yu Chang
Rosario Hernández-Armengol
Kausik Paul
June Young Lee
Karina Nance
Tomohiro Shibata
Peibin Yue
Christian Stehlik
David R. Gibb
author_facet Che-Yu Chang
Rosario Hernández-Armengol
Kausik Paul
June Young Lee
Karina Nance
Tomohiro Shibata
Peibin Yue
Christian Stehlik
David R. Gibb
author_sort Che-Yu Chang
collection DOAJ
description Experimental Objective: During red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, inflammation promotes the production of anti-RBC alloantibodies that can cause significant hemolytic events. Avoiding RBC antigen exposure is the only strategy to prevent RBC alloimmunization in transfusion recipients. Identifying mechanisms that inhibit alloimmunization may lead to novel prophylactic interventions. One potential regulatory mechanism is the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of antioxidant pathways. Pharmacologic Nrf2 activators induce antioxidant production and improve the sequelae of inflammatory diseases. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that a Nrf2 activator, 1-[2-cyano-3-,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]-imidazole (CDDO-Im), regulates inflammation-induced RBC alloimmunization. Methods: WT and <i>Nrf2</i>-deficient mice were treated with inflammatory stimuli and CDDO-Im prior to transfusion with RBCs expressing the KEL antigen (KEL+ RBCs). Anti-KEL IgM and IgG were measured in the serum of transfused mice. Nrf2-activated gene expression and interferon activity were measured in mice and human macrophages pre-treated with CDDO-Im and interferon stimuli. Results: Here, we report that CDDO-Im induces Nrf2-activated gene expression and inhibits type 1 interferon activity, which promotes RBC alloimmunization in transfusion models. In mice transfused with KEL+ RBCs, pre-treatment with CDDO-Im inhibited inflammation-induced anti-KEL antibody production and increased the post-transfusion recovery of KEL+ RBCs in a Nrf2-dependent manner. CDDO-Im also inhibited RBC alloimmunization in mice with pre-existing inflammation. Conclusions: These results indicate that the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway regulates RBC alloimmunization to the KEL antigen in a pre-clinical model. If these findings translate to other models and human studies, Nrf2 activators may represent a potential prophylactic intervention to inhibit alloimmunization.
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spelling doaj-art-4bb3473ff86e49bc9e8895eec31240fd2025-08-20T03:27:07ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-06-0114667810.3390/antiox14060678The Nrf2 Activator CDDO-Imidazole Suppresses Inflammation-Induced Red Blood Cell AlloimmunizationChe-Yu Chang0Rosario Hernández-Armengol1Kausik Paul2June Young Lee3Karina Nance4Tomohiro Shibata5Peibin Yue6Christian Stehlik7David R. Gibb8Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USADepartment of Pharmacology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, JapanDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USAExperimental Objective: During red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, inflammation promotes the production of anti-RBC alloantibodies that can cause significant hemolytic events. Avoiding RBC antigen exposure is the only strategy to prevent RBC alloimmunization in transfusion recipients. Identifying mechanisms that inhibit alloimmunization may lead to novel prophylactic interventions. One potential regulatory mechanism is the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of antioxidant pathways. Pharmacologic Nrf2 activators induce antioxidant production and improve the sequelae of inflammatory diseases. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that a Nrf2 activator, 1-[2-cyano-3-,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]-imidazole (CDDO-Im), regulates inflammation-induced RBC alloimmunization. Methods: WT and <i>Nrf2</i>-deficient mice were treated with inflammatory stimuli and CDDO-Im prior to transfusion with RBCs expressing the KEL antigen (KEL+ RBCs). Anti-KEL IgM and IgG were measured in the serum of transfused mice. Nrf2-activated gene expression and interferon activity were measured in mice and human macrophages pre-treated with CDDO-Im and interferon stimuli. Results: Here, we report that CDDO-Im induces Nrf2-activated gene expression and inhibits type 1 interferon activity, which promotes RBC alloimmunization in transfusion models. In mice transfused with KEL+ RBCs, pre-treatment with CDDO-Im inhibited inflammation-induced anti-KEL antibody production and increased the post-transfusion recovery of KEL+ RBCs in a Nrf2-dependent manner. CDDO-Im also inhibited RBC alloimmunization in mice with pre-existing inflammation. Conclusions: These results indicate that the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway regulates RBC alloimmunization to the KEL antigen in a pre-clinical model. If these findings translate to other models and human studies, Nrf2 activators may represent a potential prophylactic intervention to inhibit alloimmunization.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/678RBC alloimmunizationtype 1 interferonstransfusionNrf2inflammation
spellingShingle Che-Yu Chang
Rosario Hernández-Armengol
Kausik Paul
June Young Lee
Karina Nance
Tomohiro Shibata
Peibin Yue
Christian Stehlik
David R. Gibb
The Nrf2 Activator CDDO-Imidazole Suppresses Inflammation-Induced Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization
Antioxidants
RBC alloimmunization
type 1 interferons
transfusion
Nrf2
inflammation
title The Nrf2 Activator CDDO-Imidazole Suppresses Inflammation-Induced Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization
title_full The Nrf2 Activator CDDO-Imidazole Suppresses Inflammation-Induced Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization
title_fullStr The Nrf2 Activator CDDO-Imidazole Suppresses Inflammation-Induced Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization
title_full_unstemmed The Nrf2 Activator CDDO-Imidazole Suppresses Inflammation-Induced Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization
title_short The Nrf2 Activator CDDO-Imidazole Suppresses Inflammation-Induced Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization
title_sort nrf2 activator cddo imidazole suppresses inflammation induced red blood cell alloimmunization
topic RBC alloimmunization
type 1 interferons
transfusion
Nrf2
inflammation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/678
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