Inter‐Regional Food‐Water‐Income Synergy Through Bi‐Level Crop Redistribution Model Coupled With Virtual Water: A Case Study of China’s Hetao Irrigation District
Abstract Incorporating water footprints and virtual water into crop redistribution provides a new approach for efficient water resources utilization and synergistic development of water surplus and scarce regions. In this work, the absolute and comparative advantage of the production‐based blue and...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Water Resources Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036572 |
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| author | Jieling Yin Xin Li Bernie A. Engel Jiayi Ding Xin Xing Shikun Sun Yubao Wang |
| author_facet | Jieling Yin Xin Li Bernie A. Engel Jiayi Ding Xin Xing Shikun Sun Yubao Wang |
| author_sort | Jieling Yin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Incorporating water footprints and virtual water into crop redistribution provides a new approach for efficient water resources utilization and synergistic development of water surplus and scarce regions. In this work, the absolute and comparative advantage of the production‐based blue and gray water footprint (PWFblue and PWFgray), the calorie‐based blue water footprint (CWFblue) and the net benefit‐based blue water footprint (NBWFblue) were used as coefficients to establish a bi‐level crop redistribution model. The mode considers upper‐level decision makers interested in maximizing food security and ecological security and lower‐level decision makers interested in water use efficiency, water use benefits and net benefits. The model was applied in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), China. The results showed that after optimization, the PWFblue, CWFblue, NBWFblue, and gray water footprint (GWF) of the HID were reduced by 23.32%, 5.60%, 17.40%, and 6.67%, respectively. National benefits were improved, especially when considering synergistic optimization, although the net benefits of HID was affected. The calorie supply increased by 9.6 × 109 kcal, the GWF decreased by 8.29 × 106 m3, and water use efficiency and benefits were improved in China. In contrast, the calorie supply and the net benefits of the HID decreased, while the GWF increased. Moreover, multiple stakeholders were involved in crop redistribution and required national synergies. The bi‐level model proved more suitable than the multi‐objective model. The model proposed in this work considers synergies outside the region in crop redistribution within the region, and can provide new insight for water and soil resources management in arid and semi‐arid regions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4bb2edc03f084e87a67366ebe1ecd702 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0043-1397 1944-7973 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Resources Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-4bb2edc03f084e87a67366ebe1ecd7022025-08-20T02:36:39ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732024-07-01607n/an/a10.1029/2023WR036572Inter‐Regional Food‐Water‐Income Synergy Through Bi‐Level Crop Redistribution Model Coupled With Virtual Water: A Case Study of China’s Hetao Irrigation DistrictJieling Yin0Xin Li1Bernie A. Engel2Jiayi Ding3Xin Xing4Shikun Sun5Yubao Wang6Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of Education Northwest A&F University Yangling ChinaKey Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of Education Northwest A&F University Yangling ChinaDepartment of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USAKey Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of Education Northwest A&F University Yangling ChinaKey Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of Education Northwest A&F University Yangling ChinaKey Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of Education Northwest A&F University Yangling ChinaKey Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of Education Northwest A&F University Yangling ChinaAbstract Incorporating water footprints and virtual water into crop redistribution provides a new approach for efficient water resources utilization and synergistic development of water surplus and scarce regions. In this work, the absolute and comparative advantage of the production‐based blue and gray water footprint (PWFblue and PWFgray), the calorie‐based blue water footprint (CWFblue) and the net benefit‐based blue water footprint (NBWFblue) were used as coefficients to establish a bi‐level crop redistribution model. The mode considers upper‐level decision makers interested in maximizing food security and ecological security and lower‐level decision makers interested in water use efficiency, water use benefits and net benefits. The model was applied in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), China. The results showed that after optimization, the PWFblue, CWFblue, NBWFblue, and gray water footprint (GWF) of the HID were reduced by 23.32%, 5.60%, 17.40%, and 6.67%, respectively. National benefits were improved, especially when considering synergistic optimization, although the net benefits of HID was affected. The calorie supply increased by 9.6 × 109 kcal, the GWF decreased by 8.29 × 106 m3, and water use efficiency and benefits were improved in China. In contrast, the calorie supply and the net benefits of the HID decreased, while the GWF increased. Moreover, multiple stakeholders were involved in crop redistribution and required national synergies. The bi‐level model proved more suitable than the multi‐objective model. The model proposed in this work considers synergies outside the region in crop redistribution within the region, and can provide new insight for water and soil resources management in arid and semi‐arid regions.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036572crop redistributioninterregional synergistic optimizationcomparative advantagewater footprintvirtual waterbi‐level optimization model |
| spellingShingle | Jieling Yin Xin Li Bernie A. Engel Jiayi Ding Xin Xing Shikun Sun Yubao Wang Inter‐Regional Food‐Water‐Income Synergy Through Bi‐Level Crop Redistribution Model Coupled With Virtual Water: A Case Study of China’s Hetao Irrigation District Water Resources Research crop redistribution interregional synergistic optimization comparative advantage water footprint virtual water bi‐level optimization model |
| title | Inter‐Regional Food‐Water‐Income Synergy Through Bi‐Level Crop Redistribution Model Coupled With Virtual Water: A Case Study of China’s Hetao Irrigation District |
| title_full | Inter‐Regional Food‐Water‐Income Synergy Through Bi‐Level Crop Redistribution Model Coupled With Virtual Water: A Case Study of China’s Hetao Irrigation District |
| title_fullStr | Inter‐Regional Food‐Water‐Income Synergy Through Bi‐Level Crop Redistribution Model Coupled With Virtual Water: A Case Study of China’s Hetao Irrigation District |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inter‐Regional Food‐Water‐Income Synergy Through Bi‐Level Crop Redistribution Model Coupled With Virtual Water: A Case Study of China’s Hetao Irrigation District |
| title_short | Inter‐Regional Food‐Water‐Income Synergy Through Bi‐Level Crop Redistribution Model Coupled With Virtual Water: A Case Study of China’s Hetao Irrigation District |
| title_sort | inter regional food water income synergy through bi level crop redistribution model coupled with virtual water a case study of china s hetao irrigation district |
| topic | crop redistribution interregional synergistic optimization comparative advantage water footprint virtual water bi‐level optimization model |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036572 |
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