Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Differences in Flavonoid Synthesis During Fruit Development of <i>Capsicum frutescens pericarp</i>
<i>Capsicum frutescens</i> is a valuable economic crop that is widely cultivated for its unique flavor and rich nutritional content. While some studies have shown differences in flavonoid content among different chili species, the mechanism by which changes in flavonoid composition lead...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Yinxin Yang Qihang Cai Xuan Wang Yanbo Yang Liping Li Zhenghai Sun Weiwei Li |
| author_facet | Yinxin Yang Qihang Cai Xuan Wang Yanbo Yang Liping Li Zhenghai Sun Weiwei Li |
| author_sort | Yinxin Yang |
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| description | <i>Capsicum frutescens</i> is a valuable economic crop that is widely cultivated for its unique flavor and rich nutritional content. While some studies have shown differences in flavonoid content among different chili species, the mechanism by which changes in flavonoid composition lead to fruit color variations in <i>C. frutescens</i> remains underreported. We performed transcriptomics and widely targeted metabolome sequencing on three different growth stages of the <i>C. frutescens</i> fruit and analyzed the data to better understand the mechanism of color change. Based on previous research on the genes that regulate flavonoid compounds and the MBW complex, we have identified a total of 28 core genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis and 8 genes that may be related to flavonoid synthesis. Through extensive targeted metabolomic analysis, 581 differential metabolites were identified, including 43 flavonoids. Most anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavonoids were found to be more abundant during the immature fruit stage, which we presume is associated with the differential expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation. These findings provide a useful reference for understanding flavonoid synthesis and the accumulation of fruits in <i>C. frutescens.</i> |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-4b5f9e4e9ee24ab582bd5c8d09ef23612025-01-24T13:16:11ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-01-0115222210.3390/agriculture15020222Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Differences in Flavonoid Synthesis During Fruit Development of <i>Capsicum frutescens pericarp</i>Yinxin Yang0Qihang Cai1Xuan Wang2Yanbo Yang3Liping Li4Zhenghai Sun5Weiwei Li6Yunnan International Joint R&D Center for Intergrated Utilization of Ornamental Grass, International Technological Cooperation Base of High Effective Economic Forestry Cultivating of Yunnan Province, South and Southeast Asia Joint R&D Center of Economic Forest Full Industry Chain of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan International Joint R&D Center for Intergrated Utilization of Ornamental Grass, International Technological Cooperation Base of High Effective Economic Forestry Cultivating of Yunnan Province, South and Southeast Asia Joint R&D Center of Economic Forest Full Industry Chain of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan International Joint R&D Center for Intergrated Utilization of Ornamental Grass, International Technological Cooperation Base of High Effective Economic Forestry Cultivating of Yunnan Province, South and Southeast Asia Joint R&D Center of Economic Forest Full Industry Chain of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan International Joint R&D Center for Intergrated Utilization of Ornamental Grass, International Technological Cooperation Base of High Effective Economic Forestry Cultivating of Yunnan Province, South and Southeast Asia Joint R&D Center of Economic Forest Full Industry Chain of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaCollege of Geography and Ecotourism, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan International Joint R&D Center for Intergrated Utilization of Ornamental Grass, International Technological Cooperation Base of High Effective Economic Forestry Cultivating of Yunnan Province, South and Southeast Asia Joint R&D Center of Economic Forest Full Industry Chain of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan International Joint Center of Urban Biodiversity, Kunming 650223, China<i>Capsicum frutescens</i> is a valuable economic crop that is widely cultivated for its unique flavor and rich nutritional content. While some studies have shown differences in flavonoid content among different chili species, the mechanism by which changes in flavonoid composition lead to fruit color variations in <i>C. frutescens</i> remains underreported. We performed transcriptomics and widely targeted metabolome sequencing on three different growth stages of the <i>C. frutescens</i> fruit and analyzed the data to better understand the mechanism of color change. Based on previous research on the genes that regulate flavonoid compounds and the MBW complex, we have identified a total of 28 core genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis and 8 genes that may be related to flavonoid synthesis. Through extensive targeted metabolomic analysis, 581 differential metabolites were identified, including 43 flavonoids. Most anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavonoids were found to be more abundant during the immature fruit stage, which we presume is associated with the differential expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation. These findings provide a useful reference for understanding flavonoid synthesis and the accumulation of fruits in <i>C. frutescens.</i>https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/2/222<i>Capsicum frutescens</i>flavonoidstranscriptomemetabolome |
| spellingShingle | Yinxin Yang Qihang Cai Xuan Wang Yanbo Yang Liping Li Zhenghai Sun Weiwei Li Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Differences in Flavonoid Synthesis During Fruit Development of <i>Capsicum frutescens pericarp</i> Agriculture <i>Capsicum frutescens</i> flavonoids transcriptome metabolome |
| title | Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Differences in Flavonoid Synthesis During Fruit Development of <i>Capsicum frutescens pericarp</i> |
| title_full | Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Differences in Flavonoid Synthesis During Fruit Development of <i>Capsicum frutescens pericarp</i> |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Differences in Flavonoid Synthesis During Fruit Development of <i>Capsicum frutescens pericarp</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Differences in Flavonoid Synthesis During Fruit Development of <i>Capsicum frutescens pericarp</i> |
| title_short | Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Differences in Flavonoid Synthesis During Fruit Development of <i>Capsicum frutescens pericarp</i> |
| title_sort | transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal differences in flavonoid synthesis during fruit development of i capsicum frutescens pericarp i |
| topic | <i>Capsicum frutescens</i> flavonoids transcriptome metabolome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/2/222 |
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