Causal role of immune cells in primary liver cancer: a mendelian randomization study

Abstract Background Primary liver cancer is one of the most common fatal malignancies worldwide. Observational studies have shown that immune cells are closely linked to primary liver cancer, however, due to issues like reverse causality and confounding variables, the causal direction and extent of...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jia Liu, Tongyuan Zhang, Yang Gao, Dong Ji, Lijian Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Cancer
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14327-1
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