Changes in Ibuprofen Toxicity and Degradation in Response to Immobilization of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> B1(2015b)
Ibuprofen is one of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs by humans, resulting in its appearance in the environment, which can negatively affect organisms living in it. The studies undertaken have shown that the immobilized <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> B1(2015b) strain can deco...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Ariel Marchlewicz Anna Dzionek Danuta Wojcieszyńska Jacek Borgulat Łukasz Jałowiecki Urszula Guzik |
| author_facet | Ariel Marchlewicz Anna Dzionek Danuta Wojcieszyńska Jacek Borgulat Łukasz Jałowiecki Urszula Guzik |
| author_sort | Ariel Marchlewicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ibuprofen is one of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs by humans, resulting in its appearance in the environment, which can negatively affect organisms living in it. The studies undertaken have shown that the immobilized <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> B1(2015b) strain can decompose this drug at a rate of <i>q<sub>max</sub></i> = 0.36 mg/L*h, with a <i>K<sub>s</sub></i> constant of 0.95 mg/L for this process. An analysis of the effect of ibuprofen on the metabolic profile of the immobilized strain B1(2015b) showed an increase in the consumption of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur compounds by this strain compared to the free strain. Studies on the toxicity of ibuprofen against the B1(2015b) strain indicated a small protective effect of the carrier, manifested by a slightly higher EC<sub>50</sub> value = 1190 mg/L (for the free strain EC<sub>50</sub> = 1175 mg/L). A toxicity analysis of intermedia formed during ibuprofen degradation indicated that the increase in toxicity is positively correlated with the degree of hydroxylation of ibuprofen metabolites. A toxicity analysis of the post-culture fluid obtained after ibuprofen degradation by the immobilized and free strain indicated that the products formed due to this process are completely safe. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-4aeb1b2ee8dd4a80b79b7e972aac8f6b2025-08-20T01:55:45ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-11-012923568010.3390/molecules29235680Changes in Ibuprofen Toxicity and Degradation in Response to Immobilization of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> B1(2015b)Ariel Marchlewicz0Anna Dzionek1Danuta Wojcieszyńska2Jacek Borgulat3Łukasz Jałowiecki4Urszula Guzik5Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, PolandInstitute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, PolandInstitute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, PolandInstitute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha 6, 40-844 Katowice, PolandInstitute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha 6, 40-844 Katowice, PolandInstitute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, PolandIbuprofen is one of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs by humans, resulting in its appearance in the environment, which can negatively affect organisms living in it. The studies undertaken have shown that the immobilized <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> B1(2015b) strain can decompose this drug at a rate of <i>q<sub>max</sub></i> = 0.36 mg/L*h, with a <i>K<sub>s</sub></i> constant of 0.95 mg/L for this process. An analysis of the effect of ibuprofen on the metabolic profile of the immobilized strain B1(2015b) showed an increase in the consumption of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur compounds by this strain compared to the free strain. Studies on the toxicity of ibuprofen against the B1(2015b) strain indicated a small protective effect of the carrier, manifested by a slightly higher EC<sub>50</sub> value = 1190 mg/L (for the free strain EC<sub>50</sub> = 1175 mg/L). A toxicity analysis of intermedia formed during ibuprofen degradation indicated that the increase in toxicity is positively correlated with the degree of hydroxylation of ibuprofen metabolites. A toxicity analysis of the post-culture fluid obtained after ibuprofen degradation by the immobilized and free strain indicated that the products formed due to this process are completely safe.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5680kineticsimmobilizationtoxicityibuprofen<i>Bacillus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Ariel Marchlewicz Anna Dzionek Danuta Wojcieszyńska Jacek Borgulat Łukasz Jałowiecki Urszula Guzik Changes in Ibuprofen Toxicity and Degradation in Response to Immobilization of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> B1(2015b) Molecules kinetics immobilization toxicity ibuprofen <i>Bacillus</i> |
| title | Changes in Ibuprofen Toxicity and Degradation in Response to Immobilization of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> B1(2015b) |
| title_full | Changes in Ibuprofen Toxicity and Degradation in Response to Immobilization of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> B1(2015b) |
| title_fullStr | Changes in Ibuprofen Toxicity and Degradation in Response to Immobilization of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> B1(2015b) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Ibuprofen Toxicity and Degradation in Response to Immobilization of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> B1(2015b) |
| title_short | Changes in Ibuprofen Toxicity and Degradation in Response to Immobilization of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> B1(2015b) |
| title_sort | changes in ibuprofen toxicity and degradation in response to immobilization of i bacillus thuringiensis i b1 2015b |
| topic | kinetics immobilization toxicity ibuprofen <i>Bacillus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5680 |
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