Enhanced Synergistic Photothermal–Chemotherapy in Bacterial Keratitis Treatment Using Halogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks (XOFs) Based on N⋯Br+⋯N Bonds

ABSTRACT The swift progression of bacterial keratitis necessitates expeditious therapeutic intervention. Present therapeutic methodologies are characterized by their protracted duration and invasiveness, which often result in suboptimal antibiotic therapy. Consequently, there is an imperative requir...

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Main Authors: Zhennan Tian, Shirui Zhou, Yao Qu, Qian Yang, Xuguan Bai, Jiahao Zhao, Hongqiang Dong, Ya Lu, Nan Deng, Lu Wang, Limin Pi, Yang Cheng, Shigui Chen, Wei Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Aggregate
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70050
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author Zhennan Tian
Shirui Zhou
Yao Qu
Qian Yang
Xuguan Bai
Jiahao Zhao
Hongqiang Dong
Ya Lu
Nan Deng
Lu Wang
Limin Pi
Yang Cheng
Shigui Chen
Wei Liu
author_facet Zhennan Tian
Shirui Zhou
Yao Qu
Qian Yang
Xuguan Bai
Jiahao Zhao
Hongqiang Dong
Ya Lu
Nan Deng
Lu Wang
Limin Pi
Yang Cheng
Shigui Chen
Wei Liu
author_sort Zhennan Tian
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT The swift progression of bacterial keratitis necessitates expeditious therapeutic intervention. Present therapeutic methodologies are characterized by their protracted duration and invasiveness, which often result in suboptimal antibiotic therapy. Consequently, there is an imperative requirement for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the management of bacterial keratitis. In this study, we present two types of XOFs connected by [N···Br+···N] interactions. These frameworks were characterized using 1H NMR, IR, XPS, SAXS, and HR‐TEM. Two‐dimensional (2D) structural models were established based on PXRD data and theoretical simulations. The application of these XOFs as novel antibacterial agents for the treatment of bacterial keratitis were explored, and the effects of different connection knots and hydrophilicity on the antibacterial efficacy of XOFs were compared. As expected, the therapeutic effect of XOFs based on [N···Br+···N] interactions are superior to XOFs based on [N···I+···N] interactions. The therapeutic effect of TPPA‐based XOFs with good hydrophilicity is better than TPPE‐based XOFs. In addition, a photothermal agent (IR820) was loaded onto XOF(Br)‐TPPA for combined photothermal and chemotherapy, with experimental results indicating a substantial enhancement in therapeutic efficacy. This work not only deepens our understanding of halogen‐bonded organic frameworks but also paves the way for the application of XOFs in biomedical materials.
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spelling doaj-art-4ac574daf5bc4f32b7a31e23b1c38c632025-08-20T02:09:40ZengWileyAggregate2692-45602025-06-0166n/an/a10.1002/agt2.70050Enhanced Synergistic Photothermal–Chemotherapy in Bacterial Keratitis Treatment Using Halogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks (XOFs) Based on N⋯Br+⋯N BondsZhennan Tian0Shirui Zhou1Yao Qu2Qian Yang3Xuguan Bai4Jiahao Zhao5Hongqiang Dong6Ya Lu7Nan Deng8Lu Wang9Limin Pi10Yang Cheng11Shigui Chen12Wei Liu13The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaThe Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaThe Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaThe Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaThe Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaThe Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaThe Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaThe Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaThe Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaThe Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of ChinaABSTRACT The swift progression of bacterial keratitis necessitates expeditious therapeutic intervention. Present therapeutic methodologies are characterized by their protracted duration and invasiveness, which often result in suboptimal antibiotic therapy. Consequently, there is an imperative requirement for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the management of bacterial keratitis. In this study, we present two types of XOFs connected by [N···Br+···N] interactions. These frameworks were characterized using 1H NMR, IR, XPS, SAXS, and HR‐TEM. Two‐dimensional (2D) structural models were established based on PXRD data and theoretical simulations. The application of these XOFs as novel antibacterial agents for the treatment of bacterial keratitis were explored, and the effects of different connection knots and hydrophilicity on the antibacterial efficacy of XOFs were compared. As expected, the therapeutic effect of XOFs based on [N···Br+···N] interactions are superior to XOFs based on [N···I+···N] interactions. The therapeutic effect of TPPA‐based XOFs with good hydrophilicity is better than TPPE‐based XOFs. In addition, a photothermal agent (IR820) was loaded onto XOF(Br)‐TPPA for combined photothermal and chemotherapy, with experimental results indicating a substantial enhancement in therapeutic efficacy. This work not only deepens our understanding of halogen‐bonded organic frameworks but also paves the way for the application of XOFs in biomedical materials.https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70050antibacterial agentbacterial keratitis[N···Br+···N] halogen bondsupramolecular medicinesynergistic therapeutics
spellingShingle Zhennan Tian
Shirui Zhou
Yao Qu
Qian Yang
Xuguan Bai
Jiahao Zhao
Hongqiang Dong
Ya Lu
Nan Deng
Lu Wang
Limin Pi
Yang Cheng
Shigui Chen
Wei Liu
Enhanced Synergistic Photothermal–Chemotherapy in Bacterial Keratitis Treatment Using Halogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks (XOFs) Based on N⋯Br+⋯N Bonds
Aggregate
antibacterial agent
bacterial keratitis
[N···Br+···N] halogen bond
supramolecular medicine
synergistic therapeutics
title Enhanced Synergistic Photothermal–Chemotherapy in Bacterial Keratitis Treatment Using Halogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks (XOFs) Based on N⋯Br+⋯N Bonds
title_full Enhanced Synergistic Photothermal–Chemotherapy in Bacterial Keratitis Treatment Using Halogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks (XOFs) Based on N⋯Br+⋯N Bonds
title_fullStr Enhanced Synergistic Photothermal–Chemotherapy in Bacterial Keratitis Treatment Using Halogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks (XOFs) Based on N⋯Br+⋯N Bonds
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced Synergistic Photothermal–Chemotherapy in Bacterial Keratitis Treatment Using Halogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks (XOFs) Based on N⋯Br+⋯N Bonds
title_short Enhanced Synergistic Photothermal–Chemotherapy in Bacterial Keratitis Treatment Using Halogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks (XOFs) Based on N⋯Br+⋯N Bonds
title_sort enhanced synergistic photothermal chemotherapy in bacterial keratitis treatment using halogen bonded organic frameworks xofs based on n⋯br ⋯n bonds
topic antibacterial agent
bacterial keratitis
[N···Br+···N] halogen bond
supramolecular medicine
synergistic therapeutics
url https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70050
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