Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identifies PLAG1 as a key regulator of tumor immune microenvironment and prognostic biomarker

BackgroundThe literature on the role of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) in malignant tumors is limited. This study aimed to perform pan-cancer analysis of PLAG1.MethodsThe expression of PLAG1 was analyzed by Human Protein Atlas (HPA). The differential expression and prognosis of PLAG1 were analyz...

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Main Authors: Ruicheng Wu, Dengxiong Li, Shuxia Zhang, Jie Wang, Qingxin Yu, Dechao Feng, Ping Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1572108/full
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author Ruicheng Wu
Ruicheng Wu
Dengxiong Li
Shuxia Zhang
Jie Wang
Qingxin Yu
Dechao Feng
Dechao Feng
Ping Han
author_facet Ruicheng Wu
Ruicheng Wu
Dengxiong Li
Shuxia Zhang
Jie Wang
Qingxin Yu
Dechao Feng
Dechao Feng
Ping Han
author_sort Ruicheng Wu
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe literature on the role of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) in malignant tumors is limited. This study aimed to perform pan-cancer analysis of PLAG1.MethodsThe expression of PLAG1 was analyzed by Human Protein Atlas (HPA). The differential expression and prognosis of PLAG1 were analyzed based on TCGA pan-cancer data. The relationship between PLAG1 expression and tumor heterogeneity, stemness and immune infiltration was investigated. The enrichment analysis and biological function of PLAG1 in bladder cancer were analyzed.ResultsThe expression of PLAG1 was increased in a variety of tumors and significantly correlated with the prognosis of patients. Their expression levels were associated with key immune checkpoint genes (CD274, HAVCR2), immune infiltration and immune stimulation factors (CD48, CD27). In bladder cancer, functional enrichment analysis indicated that PLAG1 was involved in epidermal related processes and immune pathways. PLAG1 gene expression reduction can significantly inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells.ConclusionsPLAG1 has the potential to be a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for patients with malignant tumors.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-4a5c88acdb2e4e0eaffefcf82ad6ef772025-08-20T02:11:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-04-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15721081572108Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identifies PLAG1 as a key regulator of tumor immune microenvironment and prognostic biomarkerRuicheng Wu0Ruicheng Wu1Dengxiong Li2Shuxia Zhang3Jie Wang4Qingxin Yu5Dechao Feng6Dechao Feng7Ping Han8Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDivision of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United KingdomDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaResearch Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDivision of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United KingdomDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaBackgroundThe literature on the role of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) in malignant tumors is limited. This study aimed to perform pan-cancer analysis of PLAG1.MethodsThe expression of PLAG1 was analyzed by Human Protein Atlas (HPA). The differential expression and prognosis of PLAG1 were analyzed based on TCGA pan-cancer data. The relationship between PLAG1 expression and tumor heterogeneity, stemness and immune infiltration was investigated. The enrichment analysis and biological function of PLAG1 in bladder cancer were analyzed.ResultsThe expression of PLAG1 was increased in a variety of tumors and significantly correlated with the prognosis of patients. Their expression levels were associated with key immune checkpoint genes (CD274, HAVCR2), immune infiltration and immune stimulation factors (CD48, CD27). In bladder cancer, functional enrichment analysis indicated that PLAG1 was involved in epidermal related processes and immune pathways. PLAG1 gene expression reduction can significantly inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells.ConclusionsPLAG1 has the potential to be a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for patients with malignant tumors.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1572108/fullpan-cancer analysispleomorphic adenoma gene 1biomarkertumor-infiltrating cellstumor microenvironment
spellingShingle Ruicheng Wu
Ruicheng Wu
Dengxiong Li
Shuxia Zhang
Jie Wang
Qingxin Yu
Dechao Feng
Dechao Feng
Ping Han
Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identifies PLAG1 as a key regulator of tumor immune microenvironment and prognostic biomarker
Frontiers in Immunology
pan-cancer analysis
pleomorphic adenoma gene 1
biomarker
tumor-infiltrating cells
tumor microenvironment
title Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identifies PLAG1 as a key regulator of tumor immune microenvironment and prognostic biomarker
title_full Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identifies PLAG1 as a key regulator of tumor immune microenvironment and prognostic biomarker
title_fullStr Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identifies PLAG1 as a key regulator of tumor immune microenvironment and prognostic biomarker
title_full_unstemmed Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identifies PLAG1 as a key regulator of tumor immune microenvironment and prognostic biomarker
title_short Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identifies PLAG1 as a key regulator of tumor immune microenvironment and prognostic biomarker
title_sort comprehensive pan cancer analysis identifies plag1 as a key regulator of tumor immune microenvironment and prognostic biomarker
topic pan-cancer analysis
pleomorphic adenoma gene 1
biomarker
tumor-infiltrating cells
tumor microenvironment
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1572108/full
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