The role of self-rumination and self-reflection in depressive symptoms among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits
Abstract While some types of rumination have been reported as exacerbating factors in depressive symptoms related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits, the role of self-rumination remains underexplored. Additionally, self-reflection—a similar form of private self-consciousness w...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88303-x |
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| author | Takehiro Tamura Shunsuke Takagi Hidehiko Takahashi Genichi Sugihara |
| author_facet | Takehiro Tamura Shunsuke Takagi Hidehiko Takahashi Genichi Sugihara |
| author_sort | Takehiro Tamura |
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| description | Abstract While some types of rumination have been reported as exacerbating factors in depressive symptoms related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits, the role of self-rumination remains underexplored. Additionally, self-reflection—a similar form of private self-consciousness which may have protective effects—has been even less examined. This study of 3,000 Japanese adults (aged 18–50 years) investigates self-rumination and self-reflection in depressive symptoms related to ADHD, using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, Rumination–Reflection Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory-II. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s correlation and linear regression for mediation/moderation. ADHD traits were correlated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.413, p < 0.001), mediated by self-rumination (indirect effect = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [0.17, 0.26]). Self-reflection was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.193, p < 0.001) but had a protective effect when controlling for self-rumination (β = −0.75, p < 0.001). Moderated mediation analysis showed self-reflection reduced depressive symptoms related to ADHD traits by moderating both the impact of ADHD traits on self-rumination and the influence of self-rumination on depressive symptoms. These effects were particularly significant for inattention traits. Our findings suggest that self-reflection, by mitigating self-rumination, may serve as a therapeutic target for depressive symptoms in adults with ADHD traits. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-4a47330b857649cb817d97ce0a65a71e2025-02-02T12:24:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-88303-xThe role of self-rumination and self-reflection in depressive symptoms among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traitsTakehiro Tamura0Shunsuke Takagi1Hidehiko Takahashi2Genichi Sugihara3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science TokyoDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science TokyoDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science TokyoDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science TokyoAbstract While some types of rumination have been reported as exacerbating factors in depressive symptoms related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits, the role of self-rumination remains underexplored. Additionally, self-reflection—a similar form of private self-consciousness which may have protective effects—has been even less examined. This study of 3,000 Japanese adults (aged 18–50 years) investigates self-rumination and self-reflection in depressive symptoms related to ADHD, using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, Rumination–Reflection Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory-II. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s correlation and linear regression for mediation/moderation. ADHD traits were correlated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.413, p < 0.001), mediated by self-rumination (indirect effect = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [0.17, 0.26]). Self-reflection was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.193, p < 0.001) but had a protective effect when controlling for self-rumination (β = −0.75, p < 0.001). Moderated mediation analysis showed self-reflection reduced depressive symptoms related to ADHD traits by moderating both the impact of ADHD traits on self-rumination and the influence of self-rumination on depressive symptoms. These effects were particularly significant for inattention traits. Our findings suggest that self-reflection, by mitigating self-rumination, may serve as a therapeutic target for depressive symptoms in adults with ADHD traits.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88303-xAttention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Adult ADHDDepressionSelf-ruminationSelf-reflectionMental health |
| spellingShingle | Takehiro Tamura Shunsuke Takagi Hidehiko Takahashi Genichi Sugihara The role of self-rumination and self-reflection in depressive symptoms among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits Scientific Reports Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Adult ADHD Depression Self-rumination Self-reflection Mental health |
| title | The role of self-rumination and self-reflection in depressive symptoms among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits |
| title_full | The role of self-rumination and self-reflection in depressive symptoms among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits |
| title_fullStr | The role of self-rumination and self-reflection in depressive symptoms among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of self-rumination and self-reflection in depressive symptoms among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits |
| title_short | The role of self-rumination and self-reflection in depressive symptoms among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits |
| title_sort | role of self rumination and self reflection in depressive symptoms among individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder traits |
| topic | Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Adult ADHD Depression Self-rumination Self-reflection Mental health |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88303-x |
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