Lang-chuang-ding restores bone homeostasis in systemic lupus erythematosus associated osteoporosis by targeting NF-κB signaling: a network pharmacology and experimental study

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frequently associated with secondary osteoporosis (OP), substantially compromising patients’ quality of life. Although Lang-chuang-ding (LCD), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has demonstrated efficacy in suppressing SLE progression, its therapeutic p...

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Main Authors: Huan Luo, Huiqing Zhou, Shuchao Shen, Lingfeng Zeng, Hongfeng Ruan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1639261/full
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author Huan Luo
Huiqing Zhou
Shuchao Shen
Lingfeng Zeng
Hongfeng Ruan
author_facet Huan Luo
Huiqing Zhou
Shuchao Shen
Lingfeng Zeng
Hongfeng Ruan
author_sort Huan Luo
collection DOAJ
description Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frequently associated with secondary osteoporosis (OP), substantially compromising patients’ quality of life. Although Lang-chuang-ding (LCD), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has demonstrated efficacy in suppressing SLE progression, its therapeutic potential for SLE-associated OP remains uninvestigated. This study investigated the therapeutic effects and underlying pharmacological mechanisms of LCD on SLE-associated OP through in vivo experimental validation using MRL/lpr mouse model in conjunction with network pharmacology analysis. Our findings demonstrated that LCD significantly attenuated bone loss in the distal femur by improving bone morphometric parameters, including bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular bone separation (Tb.Sp), while simultaneously suppressing osteoclast activity and promoting osteogenesis. Network pharmacological analysis identified 63 overlapping targets among LCD components, SLE-related genes, and OP-associated targets, with inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β emerging as pivotal hub targets. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed significant NF-κB pathway enrichment among the core therapeutic targets. Experimental validation demonstrated that LCD effectively suppressed inflammatory responses by markedly reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression while simultaneously inhibiting NF-κB pathway activation through downregulation of p-IκB, P65, and p-P65 in the distal femur. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that LCD effectively ameliorates SLE-associated OP through modulation of inflammatory cytokine networks and the NF-κB signaling pathway, establishing its therapeutic potential as a mechanism-based intervention for SLE-associated OP.
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spelling doaj-art-4a43b251d2144db9800a921f9ebfeb022025-08-20T03:56:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-07-011610.3389/fendo.2025.16392611639261Lang-chuang-ding restores bone homeostasis in systemic lupus erythematosus associated osteoporosis by targeting NF-κB signaling: a network pharmacology and experimental studyHuan Luo0Huiqing Zhou1Shuchao Shen2Lingfeng Zeng3Hongfeng Ruan4Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaInstitute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, ChinaInstitute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frequently associated with secondary osteoporosis (OP), substantially compromising patients’ quality of life. Although Lang-chuang-ding (LCD), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has demonstrated efficacy in suppressing SLE progression, its therapeutic potential for SLE-associated OP remains uninvestigated. This study investigated the therapeutic effects and underlying pharmacological mechanisms of LCD on SLE-associated OP through in vivo experimental validation using MRL/lpr mouse model in conjunction with network pharmacology analysis. Our findings demonstrated that LCD significantly attenuated bone loss in the distal femur by improving bone morphometric parameters, including bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular bone separation (Tb.Sp), while simultaneously suppressing osteoclast activity and promoting osteogenesis. Network pharmacological analysis identified 63 overlapping targets among LCD components, SLE-related genes, and OP-associated targets, with inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β emerging as pivotal hub targets. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed significant NF-κB pathway enrichment among the core therapeutic targets. Experimental validation demonstrated that LCD effectively suppressed inflammatory responses by markedly reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression while simultaneously inhibiting NF-κB pathway activation through downregulation of p-IκB, P65, and p-P65 in the distal femur. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that LCD effectively ameliorates SLE-associated OP through modulation of inflammatory cytokine networks and the NF-κB signaling pathway, establishing its therapeutic potential as a mechanism-based intervention for SLE-associated OP.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1639261/fullSLE-associated osteoporosisLang-chuang-dingbone homeostasisinflammatory cytokinesmechanism
spellingShingle Huan Luo
Huiqing Zhou
Shuchao Shen
Lingfeng Zeng
Hongfeng Ruan
Lang-chuang-ding restores bone homeostasis in systemic lupus erythematosus associated osteoporosis by targeting NF-κB signaling: a network pharmacology and experimental study
Frontiers in Endocrinology
SLE-associated osteoporosis
Lang-chuang-ding
bone homeostasis
inflammatory cytokines
mechanism
title Lang-chuang-ding restores bone homeostasis in systemic lupus erythematosus associated osteoporosis by targeting NF-κB signaling: a network pharmacology and experimental study
title_full Lang-chuang-ding restores bone homeostasis in systemic lupus erythematosus associated osteoporosis by targeting NF-κB signaling: a network pharmacology and experimental study
title_fullStr Lang-chuang-ding restores bone homeostasis in systemic lupus erythematosus associated osteoporosis by targeting NF-κB signaling: a network pharmacology and experimental study
title_full_unstemmed Lang-chuang-ding restores bone homeostasis in systemic lupus erythematosus associated osteoporosis by targeting NF-κB signaling: a network pharmacology and experimental study
title_short Lang-chuang-ding restores bone homeostasis in systemic lupus erythematosus associated osteoporosis by targeting NF-κB signaling: a network pharmacology and experimental study
title_sort lang chuang ding restores bone homeostasis in systemic lupus erythematosus associated osteoporosis by targeting nf κb signaling a network pharmacology and experimental study
topic SLE-associated osteoporosis
Lang-chuang-ding
bone homeostasis
inflammatory cytokines
mechanism
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1639261/full
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