Deep Phenotyping of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Epilepsy: A Transdiagnostic Marker of Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder

ABSTRACT Objective We conducted deep and minimal phenotyping of the broader autism phenotype (BAP) in people with epilepsy (PWE) and compared its expression with published rates in the general population and relatives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD‐relatives). We then examined the...

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Main Authors: Annie E. Richard, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Sarah J. Wilson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Annals of the Child Neurology Society
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/cns3.20104
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author Annie E. Richard
Ingrid E. Scheffer
Sarah J. Wilson
author_facet Annie E. Richard
Ingrid E. Scheffer
Sarah J. Wilson
author_sort Annie E. Richard
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Objective We conducted deep and minimal phenotyping of the broader autism phenotype (BAP) in people with epilepsy (PWE) and compared its expression with published rates in the general population and relatives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD‐relatives). We then examined the association of clinical epilepsy variables with BAP expression to explore its underpinnings in PWE. Methods 103 adults with seizures (Mage = 37.37, SD = 12.50; 47% males; 51 temporal lobe epilepsy, 40 genetic generalized epilepsy, 12 other) and 58 community members (Mage = 39.59, SD = 14.56; 35% males) underwent deep phenotyping using the observer‐rated Autism Endophenotype Interview and minimal phenotyping with the Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ). Published rates of the BAP were ascertained from large randomly selected samples (n > 100) of the general population and ASD‐relatives based on BAPQ data. Results There was a higher rate of BAP in PWE (15% males, 27% females) compared with the general population (5% males, 7% females) and a similar rate to ASD‐relatives (9% males, 20% females). Deep phenotyping identified an additional 22 males and 10 females, with the combined measures indicating elevated rates of the BAP in PWE (44% males, 36% females). Only a shorter duration of epilepsy was weakly correlated with BAP trait expression in males (r = − 0.21, p = 0.05). Interpretation PWE have a high rate of BAP, largely unrelated to secondary clinical epilepsy effects. The BAP may provide a trans‐diagnostic marker of shared etiological mechanisms of epilepsy and ASD and partly account for psychosocial difficulties faced by PWE with childhood or adult onset of seizures.
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spelling doaj-art-4a3a5337e12d402e8a40cc0b7f6b59f42025-08-20T02:07:27ZengWileyAnnals of the Child Neurology Society2831-32672025-06-0132789010.1002/cns3.20104Deep Phenotyping of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Epilepsy: A Transdiagnostic Marker of Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum DisorderAnnie E. Richard0Ingrid E. Scheffer1Sarah J. Wilson2Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne Victoria AustraliaDepartment of Medicine, Austin Health The University of Melbourne Victoria AustraliaMelbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne Victoria AustraliaABSTRACT Objective We conducted deep and minimal phenotyping of the broader autism phenotype (BAP) in people with epilepsy (PWE) and compared its expression with published rates in the general population and relatives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD‐relatives). We then examined the association of clinical epilepsy variables with BAP expression to explore its underpinnings in PWE. Methods 103 adults with seizures (Mage = 37.37, SD = 12.50; 47% males; 51 temporal lobe epilepsy, 40 genetic generalized epilepsy, 12 other) and 58 community members (Mage = 39.59, SD = 14.56; 35% males) underwent deep phenotyping using the observer‐rated Autism Endophenotype Interview and minimal phenotyping with the Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ). Published rates of the BAP were ascertained from large randomly selected samples (n > 100) of the general population and ASD‐relatives based on BAPQ data. Results There was a higher rate of BAP in PWE (15% males, 27% females) compared with the general population (5% males, 7% females) and a similar rate to ASD‐relatives (9% males, 20% females). Deep phenotyping identified an additional 22 males and 10 females, with the combined measures indicating elevated rates of the BAP in PWE (44% males, 36% females). Only a shorter duration of epilepsy was weakly correlated with BAP trait expression in males (r = − 0.21, p = 0.05). Interpretation PWE have a high rate of BAP, largely unrelated to secondary clinical epilepsy effects. The BAP may provide a trans‐diagnostic marker of shared etiological mechanisms of epilepsy and ASD and partly account for psychosocial difficulties faced by PWE with childhood or adult onset of seizures.https://doi.org/10.1002/cns3.20104autism spectrum disordercomorbidityepilepsy
spellingShingle Annie E. Richard
Ingrid E. Scheffer
Sarah J. Wilson
Deep Phenotyping of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Epilepsy: A Transdiagnostic Marker of Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Annals of the Child Neurology Society
autism spectrum disorder
comorbidity
epilepsy
title Deep Phenotyping of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Epilepsy: A Transdiagnostic Marker of Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_full Deep Phenotyping of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Epilepsy: A Transdiagnostic Marker of Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_fullStr Deep Phenotyping of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Epilepsy: A Transdiagnostic Marker of Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_full_unstemmed Deep Phenotyping of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Epilepsy: A Transdiagnostic Marker of Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_short Deep Phenotyping of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Epilepsy: A Transdiagnostic Marker of Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_sort deep phenotyping of the broader autism phenotype in epilepsy a transdiagnostic marker of epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder
topic autism spectrum disorder
comorbidity
epilepsy
url https://doi.org/10.1002/cns3.20104
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