Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing-Based QAM Technique Using Blockchain
Cognitive radio (CR) is a novel concept developed to solve concerns such as spectrum underutilization and scarcity. Spectrum detection methods are employed in the blockchain-based CR to make optimum use of the spectrum reserves. In this paper, an attempt is made to evaluate the effectiveness of an e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7225260 |
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| author | D. Balakumar S. Nandakumar |
| author_facet | D. Balakumar S. Nandakumar |
| author_sort | D. Balakumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cognitive radio (CR) is a novel concept developed to solve concerns such as spectrum underutilization and scarcity. Spectrum detection methods are employed in the blockchain-based CR to make optimum use of the spectrum reserves. In this paper, an attempt is made to evaluate the effectiveness of an energy sensor using collaborative spectrum detection. Wideband is defined as the frequency range between 470 MHz and 790 MHz, and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is employed. The probability of detection (Pd) under different situations is examined using detection in the receiver operational curve (ROC). According to the findings, the Pd increases with the number of samples. This form of sensing, which is thought to be the easiest and best, uses energy-detecting spectrum sensing. To address ambiguity, the M-ary QAM technique is provided, which increases aggregate effectiveness in terms of the percentage of false alarm (Pf) and probability of missed detection (Pm) by 5% at a comparable delay period. When CR encounters shadowing and impacts situations, the client cannot tell the difference between an underutilized zone and fading. In comparison to the existing model, this study increases the likelihood of detecting a 3 dBm SNR for a 64-QAM modulated signal by at least 15%. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4a37451410574048aa310092754537bc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1550-1477 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| spelling | doaj-art-4a37451410574048aa310092754537bc2025-02-03T06:45:14ZengWileyInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks1550-14772023-01-01202310.1155/2023/7225260Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing-Based QAM Technique Using BlockchainD. Balakumar0S. Nandakumar1School of Electronics EngineeringSchool of Electronics EngineeringCognitive radio (CR) is a novel concept developed to solve concerns such as spectrum underutilization and scarcity. Spectrum detection methods are employed in the blockchain-based CR to make optimum use of the spectrum reserves. In this paper, an attempt is made to evaluate the effectiveness of an energy sensor using collaborative spectrum detection. Wideband is defined as the frequency range between 470 MHz and 790 MHz, and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is employed. The probability of detection (Pd) under different situations is examined using detection in the receiver operational curve (ROC). According to the findings, the Pd increases with the number of samples. This form of sensing, which is thought to be the easiest and best, uses energy-detecting spectrum sensing. To address ambiguity, the M-ary QAM technique is provided, which increases aggregate effectiveness in terms of the percentage of false alarm (Pf) and probability of missed detection (Pm) by 5% at a comparable delay period. When CR encounters shadowing and impacts situations, the client cannot tell the difference between an underutilized zone and fading. In comparison to the existing model, this study increases the likelihood of detecting a 3 dBm SNR for a 64-QAM modulated signal by at least 15%.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7225260 |
| spellingShingle | D. Balakumar S. Nandakumar Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing-Based QAM Technique Using Blockchain International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| title | Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing-Based QAM Technique Using Blockchain |
| title_full | Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing-Based QAM Technique Using Blockchain |
| title_fullStr | Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing-Based QAM Technique Using Blockchain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing-Based QAM Technique Using Blockchain |
| title_short | Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing-Based QAM Technique Using Blockchain |
| title_sort | cognitive radio spectrum sensing based qam technique using blockchain |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7225260 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dbalakumar cognitiveradiospectrumsensingbasedqamtechniqueusingblockchain AT snandakumar cognitiveradiospectrumsensingbasedqamtechniqueusingblockchain |