Peroxisomal lipid metabolism inhibits Pimozide-induced cancer cell death by regulating ATP homeostasis

Abstract Antipsychotic drugs have been shown to suppress tumor growth and induce cell death, but their clinical application remains limited. Pimozide, an FDA-approved antipsychotic, holds significant potential for cancer treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying tumor cell responses to Pimozide...

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Main Authors: Zihang Pan, Fazhi Yu, Weiyi You, Feng Li, Fengjuan Cui, Jing Guo, Zhenye Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-08-01
Series:Oncogenesis
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41389-025-00575-0
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author Zihang Pan
Fazhi Yu
Weiyi You
Feng Li
Fengjuan Cui
Jing Guo
Zhenye Yang
author_facet Zihang Pan
Fazhi Yu
Weiyi You
Feng Li
Fengjuan Cui
Jing Guo
Zhenye Yang
author_sort Zihang Pan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Antipsychotic drugs have been shown to suppress tumor growth and induce cell death, but their clinical application remains limited. Pimozide, an FDA-approved antipsychotic, holds significant potential for cancer treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying tumor cell responses to Pimozide remain unclear. In this study, we identify a critical role for peroxisomes in mediating tumor cell resistance to Pimozide. Our findings demonstrate that Pimozide increases peroxisome numbers and that peroxisomal deficiency significantly enhances Pimozide-induced cell death. We show that peroxisomes mitigate Pimozide-induced apoptosis primarily through fatty acid oxidation and ether lipid synthesis, rather than reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. Moreover, Pimozide treatment upregulates peroxisomal lipid-metabolizing enzymes in tumor cells. As key metabolic hubs interconnected with mitochondrial metabolism, peroxisomes support energy homeostasis, thereby preventing Pimozide-induced cell death. These findings underscore the importance of peroxisomes in maintaining mitochondrial morphology and cellular energy homeostasis, offering novel insights into the potential therapeutic applications of Pimozide in cancer treatment.
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issn 2157-9024
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Publishing Group
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series Oncogenesis
spelling doaj-art-49e7f6ebdde64b08b21c81ff04c89eb22025-08-24T11:50:57ZengNature Publishing GroupOncogenesis2157-90242025-08-0114111110.1038/s41389-025-00575-0Peroxisomal lipid metabolism inhibits Pimozide-induced cancer cell death by regulating ATP homeostasisZihang Pan0Fazhi Yu1Weiyi You2Feng Li3Fengjuan Cui4Jing Guo5Zhenye Yang6Department of Digestive disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Digestive disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Digestive disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Digestive Disease, Huhhot First HospitalDepartment of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Digestive disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Digestive disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaAbstract Antipsychotic drugs have been shown to suppress tumor growth and induce cell death, but their clinical application remains limited. Pimozide, an FDA-approved antipsychotic, holds significant potential for cancer treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying tumor cell responses to Pimozide remain unclear. In this study, we identify a critical role for peroxisomes in mediating tumor cell resistance to Pimozide. Our findings demonstrate that Pimozide increases peroxisome numbers and that peroxisomal deficiency significantly enhances Pimozide-induced cell death. We show that peroxisomes mitigate Pimozide-induced apoptosis primarily through fatty acid oxidation and ether lipid synthesis, rather than reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. Moreover, Pimozide treatment upregulates peroxisomal lipid-metabolizing enzymes in tumor cells. As key metabolic hubs interconnected with mitochondrial metabolism, peroxisomes support energy homeostasis, thereby preventing Pimozide-induced cell death. These findings underscore the importance of peroxisomes in maintaining mitochondrial morphology and cellular energy homeostasis, offering novel insights into the potential therapeutic applications of Pimozide in cancer treatment.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41389-025-00575-0
spellingShingle Zihang Pan
Fazhi Yu
Weiyi You
Feng Li
Fengjuan Cui
Jing Guo
Zhenye Yang
Peroxisomal lipid metabolism inhibits Pimozide-induced cancer cell death by regulating ATP homeostasis
Oncogenesis
title Peroxisomal lipid metabolism inhibits Pimozide-induced cancer cell death by regulating ATP homeostasis
title_full Peroxisomal lipid metabolism inhibits Pimozide-induced cancer cell death by regulating ATP homeostasis
title_fullStr Peroxisomal lipid metabolism inhibits Pimozide-induced cancer cell death by regulating ATP homeostasis
title_full_unstemmed Peroxisomal lipid metabolism inhibits Pimozide-induced cancer cell death by regulating ATP homeostasis
title_short Peroxisomal lipid metabolism inhibits Pimozide-induced cancer cell death by regulating ATP homeostasis
title_sort peroxisomal lipid metabolism inhibits pimozide induced cancer cell death by regulating atp homeostasis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41389-025-00575-0
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